Conversion electrochemistry of copper selenides for robust and energetic aqueous batteries

The development of highly safe and low-cost aqueous batteries is of great significance in the background of carbon neutrality.However,the practical deployment of aqueous batteries has been plagued due to their relatively low capacity and poor cycling stability.Herein,we propose unique conversion electrochemistry of copper selenides for robust and energetic aqueous charge storage.In situ X-ray diffraction and operando Raman techniques reveal a reversible transformation from CuSe to Cu_(2)Se through the intermediates of Cu_(3)Se_(2) and Cu_(1.8)Se.Such a conversion process activates the redox carrier of Cu^(2+)ion and delivers a remarkable rate capability of 285 mAh g^(-1) at 20 A g^(-1) and electrochemical durability up to 30,000 cycles.Furthermore,Cu^(2+)and H+coinsertion chemistry is proposed to facilitate the conversion process.As a proof-of-concept,a hybrid aqueous pouch cell coupling CuSe//Zn is capable of affording maximum energy and power densities of 190 Wh kg^(-1) and 1366W kg^(-1),respectively.

Symmetry-breaking of LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring in grain surface of Li_(2)MnO_(3)

LiMn_(6) hexatomic-rings act as functional units in Li-rich layered oxides(LLOs),which determine the capacity,voltage,and structural stability of LLOs.However,the symmetry of the LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring is always broken,especially in the grain surface of LLOs,which will greatly affect its electrochemical performance.Herein,the symmetry-breaking of LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring in the grain surface of Li_(2)MnO_(3) was studied,and their effect on charge compensation mechanism and structure evolution behavior was thoroughly investigated.The results show that the electrochemical activity of the symmetry-broken LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring is higher than that of the unbroken LiMn_(6),and the former is more favorable for spinelization on the grain surface.Furthermore,the exposure proportion of crystallographic planes with different symmetry-broken LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring has also been discussed,which can be adjusted by changing the partial pressure of oxygen.The in-depth understanding of the symmetry-breaking of LiMn_(6) hexatomic-ring will provide more targeted strategies for designing high-performance LLOs cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.

澳大利亚中医药发展现状调查及对中医药国际化教育与传播的思考

随着中国经济迅速崛起,"一带一路"国家战略的部署,作为中国文化主要载体之一的中医药学成为对外交流的重要内容。如何更加有效地在国际上进行中医药文化传播,提高各国人民对中医药接受度是关注的焦点。澳洲是当前世界上中医药发展较好的地区,故以澳大利亚中医药发展为切入点,剖析中医药国际发展过程中存在的问题,探讨相应的对策,为中医药更好地国际化发展和传播提供相关思路。

Bio-Derived Hierarchical Multicore–Shell Fe2N-Nanoparticle-Impregnated N-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Bundles:A Host Material for Lithium-/Potassium-Ion Storage

Despite the significant progress in the fabrication of advanced electrode materials,complex control strategies and tedious processing are often involved for most targeted materials to tailor their compositions,morphologies,and chemistries.Inspired by the unique geometric structures of natural biomacromolecules together with their high affinities for metal species,we propose the use of skin collagen fibers for the template crafting of a novel multicore-shell Fe2N-carbon framework anode configuration,composed of hierarchical N-doped carbon nanofiber bundles firmly embedded with Fe2N nanoparticles(Fe2N@N-CFBs).In the resultant heterostructure,the Fe2N nanoparticles firmly confined inside the carbon shells are spatially isolated but electronically well connected by the long-range carbon nanofiber framework.This not only provides direct and continuous conductive pathways to facilitate electron/ion transport,but also helps cushion the volume expansion of the encapsulated Fe2N to preserve the electrode microstructure.Considering its unique structural characteristics,Fe2N@N-CFBs as an advanced anode material exhibits remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium-and potassium-ion batteries.Moreover,this bio-derived structural strategy can pave the way for novel low-cost and high-efficiency syntheses of metal-nitride/carbon nanofiber heterostructures for potential applications in energy-related fields and beyond.

Construction of Electrocatalytic and Heat-Resistant Self-Supporting Electrodes for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Boosting the utilization efficiency of sulfur electrodes and suppressing the“shuttle effect”of intermediate polysulfides remain the critical challenge for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).However,most of reported sulfur electrodes are not competent to realize the fast conversion of polysulfides into insoluble lithium sulfides when applied with high sulfur loading,as well as to mitigate the more serious shuttle effect of polysulfides,especially when worked at an elevated temperature.Herein,we reported a unique structural engineering strategy of crafting a unique hierarchical multifunctional electrode architecture constructed by rooting MOF-derived CoS2/carbon nanoleaf arrays(CoS2-CNA)into a nitrogen-rich 3D conductive scaffold(CTNF@CoS2-CNA)for LSBs.An accelerated electrocatalytic effect and improved polysulfide redox kinetics arising from CoS2-CNA were investigated.Besides,the strong capillarity effect and chemisorption of CTNF@CoS2-CNA to polysulfides enable high loading and efficient utilization of sulfur,thus leading to high-performance LIBs performed not only at room temperature but also up to an elevated temperature(55°C).Even with the ultrahigh sulfur loading of 7.19 mg cm?2,the CTNF@CoS2-CNA/S cathode still exhibits high rate capacity at 55°C.

Impacts of plant secondary metabolites from conifer litter on the decomposition of Populus purdomii litter

A decomposition experiment of Populus purdomii litter,a commonly used afforestation species in the Qinling Mountains,China,was conducted.Water extracts of five conifer litters were used to treat P.purdomii litter and its soil.The P.purdomii litter was incubated at room temperature(20–25℃)and constant soil moisture for 6 months.During the decomposition period,the dynamics of litter mass and nutrient contents were detected to investigate the impacts of plant secondary metabolites.The results indicate that litter extracts of Pinus tabuliformis,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus armandii and Larix principisrupprechtii significantly inhibited the overall nutrient release of P.purdomii litter,while the last three types of litter extracts simultaneously inhibited its decomposition.Conversely,the litter extracts of Picea asperata significantly accelerated the overall nutrient release of P.purdomii.Generally,most of the conifer species,whose litter released terpenoids,phenolics,steroids,and aliphatic acids,will inhibit the decomposition and/or nutrient release from P.purdomii litter.Their negative effects on the decomposers and soil enzymatic activities indicates that planting diversity should be lower when mixed planted with P.purdomii.

从悉尼大学与杜肯大学治疗师培养模式探讨康复治疗学专业教育的问题与对策

随着康复医学在我国迅速发展,康复医疗需求与日俱增,国内各高校纷纷开设康复治疗专业[1]。如何培养符合既具备专业知识和技能又符合中国社会康复需求的治疗师是值得探讨的问题。本文通过对悉尼大学物理治疗专业与杜肯大学作业治疗专业的观察与教学体验,从行业准入体系、专业设置与定位、课程设计、教学方式方法及循证实践与科研培养等方面进行分析,对目前康复治疗师的教育及发展进行探讨并提出建议。

Study on Current Trends in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Australia and Policy Proposals of Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Education in Future

With the rapid rise of China’s economy and the deployment of the Belt and Road Initiative,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),one of the main components of Chinese culture,has become an important aspect of foreign exchange.Therefore,recent research has focused on how to effectively spread TCM culture internationally and improve TCM acceptance.Australia is currently a representative region with decent TCM development.Taking TCM development in Australia as a starting point,this article analyzes the challenges in TCM development,discusses countermeasures to address these issues,and provides recommendations for improving the international development and dissemination of TCM.

A Natural Polymer Captor for Immobilizing Polysulfide/Polyselenide in Working Li-SeS_(2) Batteries

SeS_(2) has become a promising cathode material owing to its enhanced electrical conductivity over sulfur and higher theoretical specific capacity than selenium;however,the working Li-SeS_(2) batteries have to face the practical challenges from the severe shuttling of soluble dual intermediates of polysulfide and polyselenide,especially in high-SeS_(2)-loading cathodes.Herein,a natural organic polymer,Nicandra physaloides pectin(NPP),is proposed to serve as an effective polysulfide/polyselenide captor to address the shuttling issues.Informed by theoretical calculations,NPP is competent to provide a Lewis base-based strong binding interaction with polysulfides/polyselenides via forming lithium bonds,and it can be homogeneously deposited onto a three-dimensional double-carbon conductive scaffold to finally constitute a polysulfide/polyselenide-immobilizing interlayer.Operando spectroscopy analysis validates the enhanced polysulfide/polyselenide trapping and high conversion efficiency on the constructed interlayer,hence bestowing the Li-SeS_(2) cells with ultrahigh rate capability(448 mAh g^(−1)at 10 A g^(−1)),durable cycling lifespan(≈0.037%capacity attenuation rate per cycle),and high areal capacity(>6.5 mAh cm^(−2))at high SeS_(2) loading of 15.4 mg cm^(−2).Importantly,pouch cells assembled with this interlayer exhibit excellent flexibility,decent rate capability with relatively low electrolyte-to-capacity ratio,and stable cycling life even under a low electrolyte condition,promising a low-cost,viable design protocol toward practical Li-SeS_(2) batteries.

我国4.4.2类高等级病原微生物实验室运行现状及问题思考

本文分析了我国数十家已建成并投入使用的4.4.2类高等级病原微生物实验室设施运行现状,包括实验室总体建设概况、实验室核心工作间环境参数、气流组织形式和压力调节方式,以及实验室自控系统运行可靠性等.研究结果表明,我国4.4.2类实验室大多设计为2~4间核心工作间、1套独立空调通风系统的形式.核心工作间采用上送上排和上送下排气流组织的比例大致相同,大多采用定送风变排风的压力调节形式.在室内环境和系统可靠性方面,研究发现实验室存在换气次数普遍偏高、部分实验室对室外大气绝对压力过大现象.此外,个别实验室存在因送/排风机切换或空调系统开/关机产生过大负压导致围护结构开裂、防护区最外围房间发生绝对压力逆转、UPS设置等问题.本文还分析了常见的共性问题产生原因,并给出了改进建议,以期提升我国高等级病原微生物实验室建设和运行管理水平、确保实验室设施环境满足建成后的实际需求、保障运行管理安全高效.

Mn-based cathode materials for rechargeable batteries

The rapid expansion of renewable energies asks for great progress of energy-storage technologies for sustainable energy supplies,which raises the compelling demand of high-performance rechargeable batteries.To satisfy the huge demand from the coming energy-storage market,the resource and cost-effectiveness of rechargeable batteries become more and more important.Manganese(Mn)as a key transition element with advantages including high abundance,low cost,and low toxicity derives various kinds(spinels,layered oxides,polyanions,Prussian blue analogs,etc.)of high-performance Mn-based electrode materials,especially cathodes,for rechargeable batteries ranging from Li-ion batteries,Na-ion batteries,aqueous batteries,to multivalent metal-ion batteries.It is anticipated that Mn-based materials with Mn as the major transition-metal element will constitute a flourishing family of Mn-based rechargeable batteries(Mn RBs)for large-scale and differentiated energy-storage applications.On the other hand,several critical issues including Jahn-Teller effect,Mn dissolution,and O release greatly hinder the pace of Mn RBs,which require extensive material optimizations and battery/system improvements.This review aims to provide an investigation about Mn-based materials and batteries for the coming energy-storage demands,with compelling issues and challenges that must be overcome.

V-substituted pyrochlore-type polyantimonic acid for highly enhanced lithium-ion storage

Pyrochlore-structured polyantimonic acid(PAA)is a potential high-capacity electrode material,but its innately poor electroconductivity(~10^(-10)S/cm)seriously impairs its electrochemical reversibility for lithium-ion storage.Herein,we report design and synthesis of a novel V-substituted PAA(PAA-V),where V^(5+)are introduced to partially replace Sb^(5+).Owing to identical valence and close ionic radius relative to Sb^(5+),the V^(5+)cation can constitute the covalent VO_6octahedra framework without changing the pyrochlore crystal structure of PAA.As a result,the V^(5+)-substitution is capable to modulate the electronic structure of PAA with significantly improved electrical conductivity(~10^(-6)S/cm for PAA-V)and meanwhile decreases the size of crystals with reduced diffusion length for Li^(+)-ions.With varying the ratio of V^(5+)-substitution,the PAA-V with optimized substitution molar ratio(18%)exhibits the best lithium-ion storage performance,delivering a long cycling life with high reversible capacity(731 m Ah/g after 1200cycles at 1 A/g)and outstanding rate capability(279 mAh/g at 15 A/g).More importantly,by pairing the PAA-V as anode and commercial LiFePO_(4)as cathode,the full cell with a limited negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.2 exhibits decent cycling stability at 1 C after 150 cycles with 85.5%capacity retention.

Cadherin 11-mediated juxtacrine interaction of gastric cancer cells and fibroblasts promotes metastasis via YAP/tenascin-C signaling

Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide[1],Metastasis is the leading cause of GC mortality.The complex dynamic interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for tumor metastasis.Many secreted cytokines have been well documented to mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells in a paracrine manner[2].However,how the juxtacrine signals transduced by adjacent cellcell adhesion modulate cancer metastasis has yet to be elucidated[3].As one of the most important cell-cell adhesion molecules,the classical cadherin superfamily also initiates different intracellular signaling cascades and regulates cytoskeletal dynamics,permeability,cell polarity,and tumor progression[4,5].

Suppression of voltage decay through adjusting tap density of lithium-rich layered oxides for lithium ion battery

The voltage decay of lithium-rich layered oxides(LLOs)is still one of the key challenges for their application in commercial battery although these materials possess the advantages of high specific capacity and low cost.In this work,the relationship between voltage decay and tap density of LLOs has been focused.The voltage decay can be significantly suppressed with the increasing tap density as well as the homogenization of the primary or secondary particle size of agglomerated spherical LLOs.Experimental results have shown that an extreme small voltage decay of 0.98 m V cycle^(-1)can be obtained through adjusting the tap density of agglomerated spherical LLOs to 1.99 g cm^(-3),in which the size of primary and secondary particles are uniform.Our work offers a new insight towards the voltage decay and capacity fading of LLOs through precursor preparation process,promoting their application in the real battery in the future.

A facile method to fabricate Al_(4)B_(2)O_(9) whiskers on porous SiC substrates for gas-solid separation

Al_(4)B_(2)O_(9) whiskers on the surface of porous SiC substrates were fabricated by chemical reactions between Al(NO_(3))_(3) and H_(3)BO_(3),which is a facile method to prepare cilia-like microstructure for gas-solid separation.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural morphology and phase compositions.Al_(4)B_(2)O_(9) whiskers with nanometer-sized diameters and micrometer-sized lengths grew on the surface of SiC substrates,and a self-catalytic mechanism was used to explain Al_(4)B_(2)O_(9) whisker growth.

Redox Mediator Chemistry Regulated Aqueous Batteries:Insights into Mechanisms and Prospects

Redox mediators(RMs),serving as intermediate electron carriers or reservoirs,play vital roles in developing new charge transfer energy storage systems with high voltage or capacity in aqueous batteries.However,the underlying mechanism and selection criteria of RMs remain unclear in aqueous batteries,which hinders the further exploitation of new RMs and aqueous battery chemistries.

First‑principles computational insights into lithium battery cathode materials

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are considered to be indispensable in modern society.Major advances in LIBs depend on the development of new high-performance electrode materials,which requires a fundamental understanding of their properties.First-principles calculations have become a powerful technique in developing new electrode materials for high-energy–den-sity LIBs in terms of predicting and interpreting the characteristics and behaviors of electrode materials,understanding the charge/discharge mechanisms at the atomic scale,delivering rational design strategies for electrode materials,etc.In this review,we present an overview of first-principles calculation methods and highlight their valuable role in contemporary research on LIB cathode materials.This overview focuses on three LIB cathode scenarios,which are divided by their cati-onic/anionic redox mechanisms.Then,representative examples of rational cathode design based on theoretical predictions are presented.Finally,we present a personal perspective on the current challenges and future directions of first-principles calculations in LIBs.

Determination of growth kinetics of microorganisms linked with 1,4-dioxane degradation in a consortium based on two improved methods

The conventional method for determining growth kinetics of microbial consortia relies on the total biomass concentration.This may be inaccurate for substrates that are uncommon in nature and can only be degraded by a small portion of the microbial community.1,4-dioxane,an emerging contaminant,is an example of such substrates.In this work,we evaluated an improved method for determining the growth kinetics of a 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium.In the improved method,we considered only bacterial taxa whose concentration increase correlated to 1,4-dioxane concentration decrease in duplicate microcosm tests.Using PEST(Parameter Estimation),a modelindependent parameter estimator,the kinetic constants were estimated by fitting the Monod kineticsbased simulation results to the experimental data that consisted of the concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and the considered bacterial taxa.The estimated kinetic constants were evaluated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results from another set of microcosm tests.The evaluation was quantified by the sum of squared relative residual,which was four orders of magnitude lower for the improved method than the conventional method.By further dividing the considered bacterial taxa into oligotrophs and copiotrophs,the sum of squared relative residual further decreased.