A long-term pilot-scale H_(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR)was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater.A key feature of this secondgeneration pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester ho...A long-term pilot-scale H_(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR)was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater.A key feature of this secondgeneration pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate.The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level(MCL)was at least 5.9 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1),which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m^(3)·d)^(–1).The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the firstgeneration MBfRs using composite fibers(2.6 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1)).This work also evaluated the H_(2)-utilization efficiency in MBfR.The measured H_(2)supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H_(2)-utilization rate.Thus,H_(2)utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100%efficiency,as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks.展开更多
Demand for water is expanding with increases in population,particularly in urban areas in developing countries.Additionally,urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization.This perspecti...Demand for water is expanding with increases in population,particularly in urban areas in developing countries.Additionally,urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization.This perspective presents a novel 5R approach for managing urban water resources:Recover(storm water),Reduce(toilet flushing water),Recycle(gray water),Resource(black water),and Reuse(advanced-treated wastewater).The 5R generation incorporates the latest ideas for harvesting storm water,gray water,and black water in its several forms.This paper has briefly demonstrated each R of 5R generation for water treatment and reuse.China has the chance to upgrade its urban water systems according to 5R principles.Already,a demonstration project of 5R generation has been installed in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition,and Dalian International Convention Center(China)has applied 5R,achieving over 70%water saving.The 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity from“hoped for in the future”to“realistic today”.展开更多
文摘A long-term pilot-scale H_(2)-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR)was tested for removal of nitrate from actual groundwater.A key feature of this secondgeneration pilot MBfR is that it employed lower cost polyester hollow fibers and still achieved high loading rate.The steady-state maximum nitrate surface loading at which the effluent nitrate and nitrite concentrations were below the Maximum Contaminant Level(MCL)was at least 5.9 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1),which corresponds to a maximum volumetric loading of at least 7.7 kg·N·(m^(3)·d)^(–1).The steady-state maximum nitrate surface area loading was higher than the highest nitrate surface loading reported in the firstgeneration MBfRs using composite fibers(2.6 g·N·(m^(2)·d)^(–1)).This work also evaluated the H_(2)-utilization efficiency in MBfR.The measured H_(2)supply rate was only slightly higher than the stoichiometric H_(2)-utilization rate.Thus,H_(2)utilization was controlled by diffusion and was close to 100%efficiency,as long as biofilm accumulated on the polyester-fiber surface and the fibers had no leaks.
基金This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0403400).
文摘Demand for water is expanding with increases in population,particularly in urban areas in developing countries.Additionally,urban water system needs a novel perspective for upgradation with urbanization.This perspective presents a novel 5R approach for managing urban water resources:Recover(storm water),Reduce(toilet flushing water),Recycle(gray water),Resource(black water),and Reuse(advanced-treated wastewater).The 5R generation incorporates the latest ideas for harvesting storm water,gray water,and black water in its several forms.This paper has briefly demonstrated each R of 5R generation for water treatment and reuse.China has the chance to upgrade its urban water systems according to 5R principles.Already,a demonstration project of 5R generation has been installed in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition,and Dalian International Convention Center(China)has applied 5R,achieving over 70%water saving.The 5R offers promise for moving solutions for urban water scarcity from“hoped for in the future”to“realistic today”.
