Circular RNA circZbtb20 maintains ILC3 homeostasis and function via Alkbh5-dependent m6A demethylation of Nr4a1 mRNA

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)play critical roles in innate immunity and gut homeostasis.However,how ILC3 homeostasis is regulated remains elusive.Here,we identified a novel circular RNA,circZbtb20,that is highly expressed in ILC3s and required for their maintenance and function.CircZbtb20 deletion causes reduced ILC3 numbers,increasing susceptibility to C.rodentium infection.Mechanistically,circZbtb20 enhances the interaction of Alkbh5 with Nr4a1 mRNA,leading to ablation of the m6A modification of Nr4a1 mRNA to promote its stability.Nr4a1 initiates Notch2 signaling activation,which contributes to the maintenance of ILC3 homeostasis.Deletion of Alkbh5 or Nr4a1 also impairs ILC3 homeostasis and increases susceptibilities to bacterial infection.Thus,our findings reveal an important role of circular RNA in the regulation of innate lymphoid cell homeostasis.

Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a coal and biomass indirect coupling power generation system

The coal and biomass coupling power genera-tion technology is considered as a promising technology for energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,a novel coal and biomass indirect coupling system is proposed based on the technology of biomass gasification and co-combustion of coal and gasification gas.For the sake of comparison,a coal and biomass direct coupling system is also introduced based on the technology of co-combustion of coal and biomass.The process of the direct and the indirect coupling system is simulated.The thermodynamic and economic performances of two systems are analyzed and compared.The simulation indicates that the thermodynamic performance of the indirect coupling system is slightly worse,but the economic performance is better than that of the direct coupling system.When the blending ratio of biomass is 20%,the energy and exergy fficiencies of the indirect coupling system are 42.70%and 41.14%,the intemal rate of returm(IRR)and discounted payback period(DPP)of the system are 25.68%and 8.56 years.The price fluctuation of fuels and products has a great influence on the economic performance of the indirect coupling system.The environmental impact analysis indicates that the indirect coupling system can inhibit the propagation of NOx and reduce the environmental cost.

Induction of functional neutrophils from mouse fibroblasts by thymidine through enhancement of Tet3 activity

Neutrophils are derived from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and are the largest population among circulating white blood cells in humans,acting as the first line of defense against invading pathogens.Whether neutrophils can be generated by transdifferentiation strategies is unknown.Here,we show that thymidine induces the conversion of mouse fibroblasts to neutrophils.Induced neutrophils(iNeus)showed antibacterial effects and did not undergo malignant transformation in vivo.Importantly,iNeu transplantation cured neutropenia in mice in vivo.Mechanistically,thymidine mediates iNeu conversion by enhancing Tet3 activity.Tet3 initiates the expression of the neutrophil fate decision factors Cebpδ and Rfx1 that drive the transdifferentiation of mouse fibroblasts to neutrophils.Therefore,the induction of functional neutrophils by chemicals may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with neutropenia patients and infectious diseases.