Rational management of the plant microbiome for the Second Green Revolution

The Green Revolution of the mid-20th century transformed agriculture worldwide and has resulted in envi-ronmental challenges.A new approach,the Second Green Revolution,seeks to enhance agricultural pro-ductivity while minimizing negative environmental impacts.Plant microbiomes play critical roles in plant growth and stress responses,and understanding plant–microbiome interactions is essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices that meet food security and safety challenges,which are among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.This review provides a comprehensive exploration of key deterministic processes crucial for developing microbiome management strategies,including the host effect,the facilitator effect,and microbe–microbe interactions.A hierarchical framework for plant mi-crobiome modulation is proposed to bridge the gap between basic research and agricultural applications.This framework emphasizes three levels of modulation:single-strain,synthetic community,and in situ mi-crobiome modulation.Overall,rational management of plant microbiomes has wide-ranging applications in agriculture and can potentially be a core technology for the Second Green Revolution.

Enhanced enzymatic removal of anthracene by the mangrove soil-derived fungus,Aspergillus sydowii BPOI

The present study investigated the efficiency of Aspergillus sydowii strain bpol(GenBank Accession Number:MK373021)in the removal of anthracene(100 mg/L).Optimal degradation efficiency(98.7%)was observed at neutral pH,temperature(30℃),biomass weight(2 g)and salinity(0.2%w/v)within 72 h.The enzyme analyses revealed 131%,107%,and 89%induction in laccase,lignin peroxidase,and manganese peroxidase respectively during anthracene degradation.Furthermore,the degradation efficiency(99.8%)and enzyme induction were significantly enhanced with the addition of 100 mg/L of citric acid and glucose to the culture.At varying anthracene concentrations(100-500 mg/L),the degradation rate constants(K1)peaked with increasing concentration of anthracene while the half-life(t1/2)decreases with increase in anthracene concentration.Goodness of fit(R2=0.976 and 0.982)was observed when the experimental data were subjected to Langmuir and Temkin models respectively which affirmed the monolayer and heterogeneous nature exhibited by A.sydwoii cells during degradation.Four distinct metabolites;anthracene-1,8,9(2H,8aH,9aH)-trione,2,4adihydronaphthalene-1,5-dione,l,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,7-dione and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A.sydowii exhibited promising potentials in the removal of PAHs.