The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg. lbl. gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.展开更多
Particle Data Group C. Patrignani, K. Agashe, G. Aielli, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, D.M. Asner H. Baer, Sw. Banerjee, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, S. Bethke, H. Bichsel...Particle Data Group C. Patrignani, K. Agashe, G. Aielli, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, D.M. Asner H. Baer, Sw. Banerjee, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, S. Bethke, H. Bichsel, O. Biebel, E. Blucher, G. Brooijmans, O. Buchmueller, V. Burkert, M.A. Bychkov, R.N. Cahn,展开更多
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The s...A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The subsequent broad spectrum of breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles had not been anticipated. In that period, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavyion collisions at RHIC opened a window on the deconfinement regime. Recently also ATLAS, CMS and LHCb started to contribute to the field. For an extensive presentation of the status of heavy quarkonium physics, the reader is referred to several reviews [1-8]. This note focuses on experimental developments in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy with very few theoretical comments. Some other comments on possible theoretical interpretations of the states not predicted by the quark model are presented in the mini-review on non qq-states.展开更多
Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ(2S) and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the numbe...Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ(2S) and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the number of events observed in the corresponding decay mode to the total number of particles produced. Therefore, the experimenters sometimes report the number of observed decays with respect to another decay mode of the same or another particle in the relevant decay chain. This is actually equivalent to measuring combinations of branching fractions of several decay modes.展开更多
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg. lbl. gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
文摘Particle Data Group C. Patrignani, K. Agashe, G. Aielli, C. Amsler, M. Antonelli, D.M. Asner H. Baer, Sw. Banerjee, R.M. Barnett, T. Basaglia, C.W. Bauer, J.J. Beatty, V.I. Belousov, J. Beringer, S. Bethke, H. Bichsel, O. Biebel, E. Blucher, G. Brooijmans, O. Buchmueller, V. Burkert, M.A. Bychkov, R.N. Cahn,
文摘A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The subsequent broad spectrum of breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles had not been anticipated. In that period, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavyion collisions at RHIC opened a window on the deconfinement regime. Recently also ATLAS, CMS and LHCb started to contribute to the field. For an extensive presentation of the status of heavy quarkonium physics, the reader is referred to several reviews [1-8]. This note focuses on experimental developments in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy with very few theoretical comments. Some other comments on possible theoretical interpretations of the states not predicted by the quark model are presented in the mini-review on non qq-states.
文摘Since 2002, the treatment of the branching ratios of the φ(2S) and Xc0,1,2 has undergone an important restructuring. When measuring a branching ratio experimentally, it is not always possible to normalize the number of events observed in the corresponding decay mode to the total number of particles produced. Therefore, the experimenters sometimes report the number of observed decays with respect to another decay mode of the same or another particle in the relevant decay chain. This is actually equivalent to measuring combinations of branching fractions of several decay modes.