This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furf...This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol reaction is a strong function of acidity for which tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)-ZrO_(2)),a robust solid acid catalyst,and a sulfonated carbon catalyst were employed to produce high yields of butyl levulinate targeting a lower initial molar ratio of butanol to FAL.A maximum of 28 mol%yield of butyl levulinate was obtained with tungstated zirconia catalyst.Easily prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst at high reaction temperatures facilitated the complete conversion of reaction intermediate,2-butoxymethylfuran(2-BMF)through which butyl levulinate was formed,and as high as 80 mol%of butyl levulinate yield was produced at an initial mole ratio of 8.5:1 of butanol to FAL.The better results of sulfonated carbon catalyst could be attributed to the presence of-SO3H,carboxylic acid,and phenolic OH groups on the carbon surface.展开更多
基金supported in part by Japan Science and Technology Agency Strategic International Collaborative Research Program(JST SICORP)Grant Number JPMJSC18H1,Japan.U.Rthe financial support by JICA IITH-FRIENDSHIP(D1956755)scholarship for suppoeting this study。
文摘This work presents the formation of butyl levulinate,a potential fuel additive,and an excellent renewable chemical obtained by the butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol(FAL)over a solid acid catalyst.The butanolysis of furfuryl alcohol reaction is a strong function of acidity for which tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)-ZrO_(2)),a robust solid acid catalyst,and a sulfonated carbon catalyst were employed to produce high yields of butyl levulinate targeting a lower initial molar ratio of butanol to FAL.A maximum of 28 mol%yield of butyl levulinate was obtained with tungstated zirconia catalyst.Easily prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst at high reaction temperatures facilitated the complete conversion of reaction intermediate,2-butoxymethylfuran(2-BMF)through which butyl levulinate was formed,and as high as 80 mol%of butyl levulinate yield was produced at an initial mole ratio of 8.5:1 of butanol to FAL.The better results of sulfonated carbon catalyst could be attributed to the presence of-SO3H,carboxylic acid,and phenolic OH groups on the carbon surface.
