An application of the optical pyrometer is studied for measuring monochromatic emissivities of cement clinker with various Fe2O3 content.The idea of using “brightness temperature”is introduced into the emissivity me...An application of the optical pyrometer is studied for measuring monochromatic emissivities of cement clinker with various Fe2O3 content.The idea of using “brightness temperature”is introduced into the emissivity measurement. In this method, there is no need for measuring an actual temperature of sample surfaces, only with determining both brightness temperatures of a sample and a blackbody can the required emissivity be evaluated according to Wien’s radiation law. In practice, the cement clinker is regarded as a greybody, the monochromatic emissivity is approximately equal to the total emissivity, so a single-colour optical pyrometer is applied for this purpose. Test measurements are carried out on 10 kinds of cement clinkers. Experimental data are treated by the least square method. As a result, the emissivity variation with temperature at a certain Fe2O3 content is quite well represented by εn=α+bT. Furthermore, this work first reported that the emissivities of cement clinker change considerably with Fe2O3 contents. In multiple cement production this conclusion is very important.展开更多
Comparative experiments of oil and water-cooling were performed on a 4-cylinder automotive gasoline engine and a single-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Measurements were made to investigate the variation of f...Comparative experiments of oil and water-cooling were performed on a 4-cylinder automotive gasoline engine and a single-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Measurements were made to investigate the variation of fuel consumption, combustor wall temperature and engine emissions (HC, CO, NOx and smoke) with two cooling media at steady-state conditions. Significant improvement of fuel economy was found mainly at partial load conditions with oil-cooling in comparison with the baseline waer-cooling both for the two engines. The experimental results also showed general trend of reduction in engine emissions using oil as the coolant. Measurements of wall temperature demonstrated that oil-cooling resulted in considerable increase of the combustor wall temperature and reduce of warmup period in starting process. For automotive gasoline engine, road tests indicated the same trend of fUel economy improvement with oil-cooling. The performance of the automotive oil-cooled engine was fUrther improved by internal cooling with water or methanol injection.展开更多
文摘An application of the optical pyrometer is studied for measuring monochromatic emissivities of cement clinker with various Fe2O3 content.The idea of using “brightness temperature”is introduced into the emissivity measurement. In this method, there is no need for measuring an actual temperature of sample surfaces, only with determining both brightness temperatures of a sample and a blackbody can the required emissivity be evaluated according to Wien’s radiation law. In practice, the cement clinker is regarded as a greybody, the monochromatic emissivity is approximately equal to the total emissivity, so a single-colour optical pyrometer is applied for this purpose. Test measurements are carried out on 10 kinds of cement clinkers. Experimental data are treated by the least square method. As a result, the emissivity variation with temperature at a certain Fe2O3 content is quite well represented by εn=α+bT. Furthermore, this work first reported that the emissivities of cement clinker change considerably with Fe2O3 contents. In multiple cement production this conclusion is very important.
文摘Comparative experiments of oil and water-cooling were performed on a 4-cylinder automotive gasoline engine and a single-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Measurements were made to investigate the variation of fuel consumption, combustor wall temperature and engine emissions (HC, CO, NOx and smoke) with two cooling media at steady-state conditions. Significant improvement of fuel economy was found mainly at partial load conditions with oil-cooling in comparison with the baseline waer-cooling both for the two engines. The experimental results also showed general trend of reduction in engine emissions using oil as the coolant. Measurements of wall temperature demonstrated that oil-cooling resulted in considerable increase of the combustor wall temperature and reduce of warmup period in starting process. For automotive gasoline engine, road tests indicated the same trend of fUel economy improvement with oil-cooling. The performance of the automotive oil-cooled engine was fUrther improved by internal cooling with water or methanol injection.
