目的分析左乙拉西坦治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)结果,为重症患者临床合理用药提供参考。方法收集2021年3月—2022年8月左乙拉西坦TDM数据和病历资料,分析左乙拉西坦治疗方案及谷浓度、峰浓度达标情况,探讨左乙拉西...目的分析左乙拉西坦治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)结果,为重症患者临床合理用药提供参考。方法收集2021年3月—2022年8月左乙拉西坦TDM数据和病历资料,分析左乙拉西坦治疗方案及谷浓度、峰浓度达标情况,探讨左乙拉西坦的血药浓度影响因素。结果共收集64例次左乙拉西坦TDM数据,包括36例谷浓度和28例峰浓度,仅有36.1%患者的谷浓度达标。进行左乙拉西坦TDM的重症患者占52.8%,其中76.9%的重症患者存在肾功能亢进(augmented renal clearance,ARC)现象。1.5每12 h 1次未达标组的重症患者可能存在更加严重的ARC。结论左乙拉西坦的临床血药浓度达标率偏低。对于重症患者,应注意识别ARC,并根据TDM和肌酐清除率(creatinine clearance,Ccr)适当调整左乙拉西坦用药剂量。展开更多
脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)作为新型的非热预处理技术,具有耗时短、能耗低、绿色环保等优良特性。本文综述了脉冲电场的作用机理及其作为预处理技术在果蔬干燥领域的应用,如热风干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、渗透干燥、喷雾干...脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)作为新型的非热预处理技术,具有耗时短、能耗低、绿色环保等优良特性。本文综述了脉冲电场的作用机理及其作为预处理技术在果蔬干燥领域的应用,如热风干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、渗透干燥、喷雾干燥和真空干燥。与未处理相比,PEF预处理可以提高脱水速率,降低生产成本,提高样品中营养成分的保留率,使干燥产品的品质更佳。但PEF存在参数与处理基质之间的特异性,预处理食品的安全性等问题,后续需加强PEF的参数匹配及安全性研究,为PEF预处理在果蔬干燥领域的深入研究提供新的思路和参考。展开更多
A numerical study is conducted to elucidate the impact of hole shapes and additional flow angles on the flow structure of the coolant and temperature field in the leading edge area of the gas turbine rotor.Four typica...A numerical study is conducted to elucidate the impact of hole shapes and additional flow angles on the flow structure of the coolant and temperature field in the leading edge area of the gas turbine rotor.Four typical hole shapes are considered for the GE-E3 blade.The impact of the additional flow angle(E)within each hole shape on the temperature field is investigated.The results indicate that for the leading edge area and suction surface,the fan-shaped hole case performs best in decreasing temperatures,with a decrease of about 43 K.This is mainly due to the fact that the fan-shaped hole has the maximum expansion in hole spanwise direction.For the pressure surface,the console hole case performs best in decreasing temperatures,with a maximum reduction of about 47.2 K.The influence of E on the surface temperature at leading edge area varied between the different hole shapes.For the cylinder hole and console hole,the E=-20°case has the lowest area-averaged temperature.Because both the fan-shaped hole and the 7-7-7 shaped hole are expansion holes,the pattern of variation of the leading edge area temperature with increasing E is similar for the fan-shaped hole case and 7-7-7 shaped hole case.The E=20°case shows the lowest spanwise-averaged temperature near the hole outlet,and the E=-20°case shows the lowest spanwise-averaged temperature further downstream.展开更多
文摘目的分析左乙拉西坦治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)结果,为重症患者临床合理用药提供参考。方法收集2021年3月—2022年8月左乙拉西坦TDM数据和病历资料,分析左乙拉西坦治疗方案及谷浓度、峰浓度达标情况,探讨左乙拉西坦的血药浓度影响因素。结果共收集64例次左乙拉西坦TDM数据,包括36例谷浓度和28例峰浓度,仅有36.1%患者的谷浓度达标。进行左乙拉西坦TDM的重症患者占52.8%,其中76.9%的重症患者存在肾功能亢进(augmented renal clearance,ARC)现象。1.5每12 h 1次未达标组的重症患者可能存在更加严重的ARC。结论左乙拉西坦的临床血药浓度达标率偏低。对于重症患者,应注意识别ARC,并根据TDM和肌酐清除率(creatinine clearance,Ccr)适当调整左乙拉西坦用药剂量。
文摘脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)作为新型的非热预处理技术,具有耗时短、能耗低、绿色环保等优良特性。本文综述了脉冲电场的作用机理及其作为预处理技术在果蔬干燥领域的应用,如热风干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、渗透干燥、喷雾干燥和真空干燥。与未处理相比,PEF预处理可以提高脱水速率,降低生产成本,提高样品中营养成分的保留率,使干燥产品的品质更佳。但PEF存在参数与处理基质之间的特异性,预处理食品的安全性等问题,后续需加强PEF的参数匹配及安全性研究,为PEF预处理在果蔬干燥领域的深入研究提供新的思路和参考。
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017-Ⅲ-0009-0035)。
文摘A numerical study is conducted to elucidate the impact of hole shapes and additional flow angles on the flow structure of the coolant and temperature field in the leading edge area of the gas turbine rotor.Four typical hole shapes are considered for the GE-E3 blade.The impact of the additional flow angle(E)within each hole shape on the temperature field is investigated.The results indicate that for the leading edge area and suction surface,the fan-shaped hole case performs best in decreasing temperatures,with a decrease of about 43 K.This is mainly due to the fact that the fan-shaped hole has the maximum expansion in hole spanwise direction.For the pressure surface,the console hole case performs best in decreasing temperatures,with a maximum reduction of about 47.2 K.The influence of E on the surface temperature at leading edge area varied between the different hole shapes.For the cylinder hole and console hole,the E=-20°case has the lowest area-averaged temperature.Because both the fan-shaped hole and the 7-7-7 shaped hole are expansion holes,the pattern of variation of the leading edge area temperature with increasing E is similar for the fan-shaped hole case and 7-7-7 shaped hole case.The E=20°case shows the lowest spanwise-averaged temperature near the hole outlet,and the E=-20°case shows the lowest spanwise-averaged temperature further downstream.