垃圾焚烧电厂烟气处理功率大,设置烟气存储罐时可视为可时移、可调节负荷功率。利用这些特点,将其与风电聚合为风电-垃圾焚烧虚拟电厂VPP-WW(virtual power plant with wind power and waste incineration)参与市场交易。为使其在电力...垃圾焚烧电厂烟气处理功率大,设置烟气存储罐时可视为可时移、可调节负荷功率。利用这些特点,将其与风电聚合为风电-垃圾焚烧虚拟电厂VPP-WW(virtual power plant with wind power and waste incineration)参与市场交易。为使其在电力市场的运行收益最大化并减少弃风,引入针对VPP-WW特性的奖惩措施,即合同违约惩罚、弃风惩罚和可中断负荷奖惩。以一个周期内虚拟电厂的净收益最大化为目标,构建虚拟电厂实时环保优化运行模型。仿真分析对比了3种措施不同参与情况下的收益情况。在这些措施引导下,VPP-WW获得更高的利润,有效缓解弃风现象。展开更多
Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical mieromachining is a simple and reliable process for metal surface texturing in which m...Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical mieromachining is a simple and reliable process for metal surface texturing in which mass transport conditions have profound influence on final machined quality. An ultrasonic stirrer is usually adopted for mass transfer enhancement. However, understanding of the effects of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer is limited, and is far from sufficient for developing guidelines for its practical application. In this work, the influences of ultrasonic stirring parameters on mass transfer have been investigated numerically and experimentally. With the numerical method, periodic pressure change in the electrolyte over time has been obtained, showing that ultrasonic stirring results in drastic transient pressure change in electrolyte fluid fields. Parameters related to ultrasonic frequency, vibration amplitude, and the depth of anode surface immersed in the electrolyte solution influence pressure amplitude. Validation experiments have been conducted and etched surface profile and morphology characterized, which show that the experimental observations are in agreement with numerical predictions. With the optimized mass transfer, well-defined micro-pits array of 30 gm and a smooth etched surface on tin-bronze substrate in large scale have been demonstrated.展开更多
The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cul...The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, '93-11' is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of 'Guang lu ai 4' appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers (46 InDels and 53 SSRs) polymorphic between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng's index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng's index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as '93-11' and 'Nipponbare', respectively. Some polymorphic loci between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.展开更多
DNA polymorphisms from nucleotide insertion/deletions(InDels)in genomic sequences are the basis for developing InDel molecular markers.To validate the InDel primer pairs on the basis of the comparative genomic study o...DNA polymorphisms from nucleotide insertion/deletions(InDels)in genomic sequences are the basis for developing InDel molecular markers.To validate the InDel primer pairs on the basis of the comparative genomic study on DNA sequences between an Indica rice 93-11 and a Japonica rice Nipponbare for identifying Indica and Japonica rice varieties and studying wild Oryza species,we studied 49 Indica,43 Japonica,and 24 wild rice accessions collected from ten Asian countries using 45 InDel primer pairs.Results indicated that of the 45 InDel primer pairs,41 can accurately identify Indica and Japonica rice varieties with a reliability of over 80%.The scatter plotting data of the principal compo-nent analysis(PCA)indicated that:(i)the InDel primer pairs can easily distinguish Indica from Japonica rice varieties,in addition to revealing their genetic differentiation;(ii)the AA-genome wild rice species showed a relatively close genetic relationship with the Indica rice varieties;and(iii)the non-AA genome wild rice species did not show evident differentiation into the Indica and Japonica types.It is con-cluded from the study that most of the InDel primer pairs obtained from DNA sequences of 93-11 and Nipponbare can be used for identifying Indica and Japonica rice varieties,and for studying genetic relationships of wild rice species,particularly in terms of the Indica-Japonica differentiation.展开更多
文摘垃圾焚烧电厂烟气处理功率大,设置烟气存储罐时可视为可时移、可调节负荷功率。利用这些特点,将其与风电聚合为风电-垃圾焚烧虚拟电厂VPP-WW(virtual power plant with wind power and waste incineration)参与市场交易。为使其在电力市场的运行收益最大化并减少弃风,引入针对VPP-WW特性的奖惩措施,即合同违约惩罚、弃风惩罚和可中断负荷奖惩。以一个周期内虚拟电厂的净收益最大化为目标,构建虚拟电厂实时环保优化运行模型。仿真分析对比了3种措施不同参与情况下的收益情况。在这些措施引导下,VPP-WW获得更高的利润,有效缓解弃风现象。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51375381,51775431,51675422&51575427)
文摘Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical mieromachining is a simple and reliable process for metal surface texturing in which mass transport conditions have profound influence on final machined quality. An ultrasonic stirrer is usually adopted for mass transfer enhancement. However, understanding of the effects of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer is limited, and is far from sufficient for developing guidelines for its practical application. In this work, the influences of ultrasonic stirring parameters on mass transfer have been investigated numerically and experimentally. With the numerical method, periodic pressure change in the electrolyte over time has been obtained, showing that ultrasonic stirring results in drastic transient pressure change in electrolyte fluid fields. Parameters related to ultrasonic frequency, vibration amplitude, and the depth of anode surface immersed in the electrolyte solution influence pressure amplitude. Validation experiments have been conducted and etched surface profile and morphology characterized, which show that the experimental observations are in agreement with numerical predictions. With the optimized mass transfer, well-defined micro-pits array of 30 gm and a smooth etched surface on tin-bronze substrate in large scale have been demonstrated.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant Nos. 03DJ14014 and 05DJ14008)Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (948 plan) (Grant Nos. 2001-101 and 2006-G-1)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2004CB117204)
文摘The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of 'Nipponbare' originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, '93-11' is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of 'Guang lu ai 4' appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers (46 InDels and 53 SSRs) polymorphic between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng's index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng's index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as '93-11' and 'Nipponbare', respectively. Some polymorphic loci between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between 'Nipponbare' and '93-11' often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.
基金This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Environment and Environmental Protection,within the research project Application of biotechnology to the protection of the environment in collaboration with China.
文摘DNA polymorphisms from nucleotide insertion/deletions(InDels)in genomic sequences are the basis for developing InDel molecular markers.To validate the InDel primer pairs on the basis of the comparative genomic study on DNA sequences between an Indica rice 93-11 and a Japonica rice Nipponbare for identifying Indica and Japonica rice varieties and studying wild Oryza species,we studied 49 Indica,43 Japonica,and 24 wild rice accessions collected from ten Asian countries using 45 InDel primer pairs.Results indicated that of the 45 InDel primer pairs,41 can accurately identify Indica and Japonica rice varieties with a reliability of over 80%.The scatter plotting data of the principal compo-nent analysis(PCA)indicated that:(i)the InDel primer pairs can easily distinguish Indica from Japonica rice varieties,in addition to revealing their genetic differentiation;(ii)the AA-genome wild rice species showed a relatively close genetic relationship with the Indica rice varieties;and(iii)the non-AA genome wild rice species did not show evident differentiation into the Indica and Japonica types.It is con-cluded from the study that most of the InDel primer pairs obtained from DNA sequences of 93-11 and Nipponbare can be used for identifying Indica and Japonica rice varieties,and for studying genetic relationships of wild rice species,particularly in terms of the Indica-Japonica differentiation.
