Denitrification and anammox processes are major nitrogen removal processes in coastal ecosystems. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of the diversity and community structure of involved functiona...Denitrification and anammox processes are major nitrogen removal processes in coastal ecosystems. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of the diversity and community structure of involved functional bacteria have not been well illustrated in coastal environments, especially in human-dominated ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the distributions of denitrifiers and anammox bacteria in the eutrophic Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea of China in May and November of 2012 by constructing clone libraries employing nosZ and 16S rRNA gene biomarkers. The diversity of nosZ-denitrifier was much higher at the coastal sites compared with the central sites, but not significant among basins or seasons. Alphaproteobacteria were predominant and prevalent in the sediments, whereas Betaproteobacteria primarily occurred at the site near the Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary. Anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua was predominant in the sediments, and besides, Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were also detected at the site near the Huanghe River estuary that received strong riverine and anthropogenic impacts. Salinity was the most important in structuring communities of nosZ-denitrifier and anammox bacteria. Additionally, anthropogenic perturbations (e.g. nitrogen overloading and consequent high primary productivity, and heavy metal discharges) contributed significantly to shaping community structures of denitrifier and anammox bacteria, suggesting that anthropogenic activities would influence and even change the ecological function of coastal ecosystems.展开更多
目的调查分析新兵军事训练伤发生情况及其致伤因素。方法收集某旅新兵在新训结束后训练伤发生情况,根据新训期间是否发生训练伤将其分为训练伤组与未受伤组,比较两组新兵的个人情况和训练情况,探究其致伤因素。结果(1)伤情概况:该旅新...目的调查分析新兵军事训练伤发生情况及其致伤因素。方法收集某旅新兵在新训结束后训练伤发生情况,根据新训期间是否发生训练伤将其分为训练伤组与未受伤组,比较两组新兵的个人情况和训练情况,探究其致伤因素。结果(1)伤情概况:该旅新兵集训期间,共调查1647名新训士兵,1427份有效问卷(86.64%)纳入数据分析,其中发生训练伤者353人(24.74%);(2)伤情类别:本调查群体共计发生训练伤656频次,从高到低依次排序为软组织与骨关节损伤(571次,87.04%),环境损伤(54次,8.23%)和器官损伤(31次,4.73%);(3)损伤部位:下肢受伤占比最高(71.82%),前3位的依次为足部(186次,28.18%)、膝部(171次,25.91%)和踝部(117次,17.73%);(4)致伤项目:体能及军事技能训练项目中的致伤项目排序依次为是3000 m(254次,43.19%),折返跑(80次,13.60%),单双杠(59次,10.03%),战术训练(174次,29.59%)和投掷训练(21次,3.57%);(5)致伤原因:前3位依次为扭伤(252次,37.39%)、其他伤害(205次,30.42%)和碰撞伤(160次,23.74%);(6)影响因素:新兵训练伤的发生率与体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、完成当前训练能力、入伍前运动基础和对训练伤的防治知识了解程度有关(χ^(2)依次为42.985,78.987,58.315,73.033,P均<0.001)。结论新兵训练伤累及的部位较为固定,主要发生在下肢且以软组织与骨关节损伤和碰撞伤为主,致伤项目主要为3000 m、折返跑和战术训练。技术动作错误、身心状态不良、运动负荷过大、组织训练不科学和思想重视程度不够为训练伤发生的主要原因。应对高BMI、完成训练较吃力、入伍前运动基础薄弱和训练伤防治知识了解较少的新兵开展针对性的干预措施,以预防训练伤的发生。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41206155,41676154)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020702)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Program of Yantai,China(No.2015ZH074)the Special Program for Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(No.2014FY210600)the Discipline Construction Guide Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai(No.WH20160205)
文摘Denitrification and anammox processes are major nitrogen removal processes in coastal ecosystems. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of the diversity and community structure of involved functional bacteria have not been well illustrated in coastal environments, especially in human-dominated ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the distributions of denitrifiers and anammox bacteria in the eutrophic Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea of China in May and November of 2012 by constructing clone libraries employing nosZ and 16S rRNA gene biomarkers. The diversity of nosZ-denitrifier was much higher at the coastal sites compared with the central sites, but not significant among basins or seasons. Alphaproteobacteria were predominant and prevalent in the sediments, whereas Betaproteobacteria primarily occurred at the site near the Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary. Anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua was predominant in the sediments, and besides, Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia were also detected at the site near the Huanghe River estuary that received strong riverine and anthropogenic impacts. Salinity was the most important in structuring communities of nosZ-denitrifier and anammox bacteria. Additionally, anthropogenic perturbations (e.g. nitrogen overloading and consequent high primary productivity, and heavy metal discharges) contributed significantly to shaping community structures of denitrifier and anammox bacteria, suggesting that anthropogenic activities would influence and even change the ecological function of coastal ecosystems.
文摘目的调查分析新兵军事训练伤发生情况及其致伤因素。方法收集某旅新兵在新训结束后训练伤发生情况,根据新训期间是否发生训练伤将其分为训练伤组与未受伤组,比较两组新兵的个人情况和训练情况,探究其致伤因素。结果(1)伤情概况:该旅新兵集训期间,共调查1647名新训士兵,1427份有效问卷(86.64%)纳入数据分析,其中发生训练伤者353人(24.74%);(2)伤情类别:本调查群体共计发生训练伤656频次,从高到低依次排序为软组织与骨关节损伤(571次,87.04%),环境损伤(54次,8.23%)和器官损伤(31次,4.73%);(3)损伤部位:下肢受伤占比最高(71.82%),前3位的依次为足部(186次,28.18%)、膝部(171次,25.91%)和踝部(117次,17.73%);(4)致伤项目:体能及军事技能训练项目中的致伤项目排序依次为是3000 m(254次,43.19%),折返跑(80次,13.60%),单双杠(59次,10.03%),战术训练(174次,29.59%)和投掷训练(21次,3.57%);(5)致伤原因:前3位依次为扭伤(252次,37.39%)、其他伤害(205次,30.42%)和碰撞伤(160次,23.74%);(6)影响因素:新兵训练伤的发生率与体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、完成当前训练能力、入伍前运动基础和对训练伤的防治知识了解程度有关(χ^(2)依次为42.985,78.987,58.315,73.033,P均<0.001)。结论新兵训练伤累及的部位较为固定,主要发生在下肢且以软组织与骨关节损伤和碰撞伤为主,致伤项目主要为3000 m、折返跑和战术训练。技术动作错误、身心状态不良、运动负荷过大、组织训练不科学和思想重视程度不够为训练伤发生的主要原因。应对高BMI、完成训练较吃力、入伍前运动基础薄弱和训练伤防治知识了解较少的新兵开展针对性的干预措施,以预防训练伤的发生。
