新生代渭河盆地沉积-构造迁移与渭北隆起及东秦岭耦合关系探讨

渭河盆地、渭北隆起及东秦岭造山带地处青藏块体东北缘、华北克拉通和扬子克拉通的交界处，形成了特有的盆山体系，分布有油气、氦气及地热等多种能源矿产资源。新生代是渭河盆地沉积-构造演化及渭北隆起和东秦岭隆升的重要时期，缺乏该时期盆山体系耦合关系的研究，制约了对区域矿产资源分布规律的认识。盆山耦合体现在时间、空间、物质、构造作用及地表形态等多方面。以大量钻孔资料为依托，运用“回剥法”分析了渭河盆地新生代的沉降幅度及沉降速率，并根据主沉降期新近纪以来不同阶段沉积地层厚度展布特征恢复了盆地沉积演化历史。研究表明渭河盆地新生代以来沉降中心具有自西南方向西安凹陷向北东方向固市凹陷迁移的特征。古近纪始新世以来，渭河盆地发生快速构造沉降，中新世早-中期以西安凹陷为主要沉积、沉降中心，晚中新世以来以西安、固市两个凹陷为主要沉积、沉降中心，晚上新世-早更新世沉降中心转移到东北部固市凹陷，晚更新世以来，西安凹陷和固市凹陷均发生快速沉降。裂变径迹的分析测试结果表明渭北隆起约45—32Ma整体快速抬升，同步于东秦岭太白山和华山约57-40Ma的快速隆升阶段，与渭河盆地古近纪始新世约40Ma的基底快速沉降具有耦合关系。晚中新世约7-3Ma以来，渭河盆地的持续快速沉降，与渭北隆起上新世约5Ma及东秦岭太白山约10—9．6Ma、华山约8—5Ma以来的快速耦合关系明显。太平洋板块的俯冲、欧亚板块与印度板块始新世约55-45Ma碰撞及青藏高原约10-8Ma隆升外扩的远程效应对研究区影响较大。

南海及邻区新构造运动表现特征及其主控因素

南海具有复杂的地质构造背景,扩张结束以后,新构造运动活跃,但各区域新构造运动发生的时间及运动特征有较大差异。本文综合分析了南海各区域构造演化事件、现今构造格局及新构造运动的基本特征,认为南海新构造运动的起始时间为中中新世(约15 Ma)较合理。在此基础上,收集和整理了南海及邻区最新的地质和地球物理资料,对南海海域新构造期地层差异升降、活动断裂、天然地震以及岩浆活动等新构造表现形式进行了综合分析,系统总结了南海新构造运动特征,并根据活动断裂、天然地震以及岩浆活动等特征和分布规律分析,认为南海海域新构造的表现形式之间存在较大的耦合性。本文根据新构造运动表现形式在空间分布的不平衡性,将南海及邻区划分为1个强构造活动区、3个中等强度构造活动区以及1个弱构造活动区,并结合研究区应力场特征分析,认为南海新构造运动主要受控于东部菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块对东亚大陆边缘的持续俯冲碰撞作用。

红河断裂带类微生物状纳米颗粒的发现及其构造意义

通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察,首次在红河断裂带内的花岗糜棱岩中发现类微生物状纳米颗粒。高分辨率平插能谱分析结果表明,该类微生物状纳米颗粒成分中的C元素平均含量约为10%,指示无机成因,并非某些菌类微生物,结合XRD分析结果表明该类纳米颗粒成分来自花岗糜棱岩的造岩矿物。通过对各种形貌特征的纳米颗粒观察、筛查和规律分析,探讨了类微生物状纳米颗粒的形成机理及构造意义,认为其形成过程可以分为岩石破裂形成球粒状纳米颗粒、球粒状纳米颗粒粘聚形成片状、片状纳米颗粒卷曲成管状以及管状纳米颗粒脱落聚集四个阶段,其中后三个阶段为纳米颗粒的后生构造变形阶段,指示红河断裂带构造环境的多期次变化。断裂带内球粒状纳米颗粒可能是在宏观构造应力场作用下的最小变形产物,其结构或变形特征蕴含丰富的宏观构造活动信息,是传统构造地质学研究方法之外的新思路和新手段。

Tectonic Evolution of the Meso-Tethys in the Western Segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang Suture Zone: Insights from Geochemistry and Geochronology of the Lagkor Tso Ophiolite

The subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang Meso-Tethys and the collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks were important events in the growth of the Tibetan crust. However, the timing of collision initiation and closure timing, as well as nature and structure of the Bangonghu ocean basin, are still poorly constrained. The Lagkor Tso ophiolite, located in the south of Gerze County, Tibet, is one of the most completed ophiolites preserved in the southern side of the Bangonghu- Nujiang suture zone. This study discussed the tectonic evolution of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone as revealed by the Lagkor Tso ophiolite investigated by field investigations, petrology, geochemistry, geochronology and tectonic analysis methods. We present new LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and 39Ar/4~Ar ages for the Lagkor Tso ophiolite, in addition to geochemical and platinum-group element （PGE） data presented for the Lagkor Tso ophiolite in Tibet. It is suggested that the ancient Lagkor Tso oceanic basin split in Middle Jurassic （161.2 ± 2.7 Ma - 165.4 ± 3.5 Ma）, and experienced a second tectonic emplacement during the Early Cretaceous （137.90 ± 6.39 Ma）. The Lagkor Tso ophiolite likely developed in an independent suture zone. The Bangonghu-Nujiang ocean subducted southwards, and the dehydration of the subducting oceanic crust materials caused partial melting of the continental mantle wedge, which formed the second-order expanding center of the obduction dish. This led to inter-arc expansion, followed by the formation of inter-arc and back-arc basins with island arc features, which are represented by ophiolites around the Shiquanhe-Lagkor Tso -Yongzhu region. The tectonic environment presently can be considered to be similar to that of the current Western Pacific, in which a large number of island arc-ocean basin systems are developed.

Development features of volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation and their relationship with fault structure in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,China

The Xujiaweizi Fault Depression is located in the northern Songliao Basin,Northeast China.The exploration results show that the most favorable natural gas reservoirs are in the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation（K 1 yc）.Based on seismic interpretation,drill cores and the results of previous research,we analyzed the distribution of faults and the thickness of volcanic rocks in different periods of K 1 yc,and studied the relationship of volcanic activities and main faults.Volcanic rocks were formed in the Yingcheng period when the magma erupted along pre-existing fault zones.The volcanic activities strongly eroded the faults during the eruption process,which resulted in the structural traces in the seismic section being diffuse and unclear.The tectonic activities weakened in the study area in the depression stage.The analysis of seismic interpretation,thin section microscopy and drill cores revealed that a large number of fractures generated in the volcanic rocks were affected by later continued weak tectonic activities,which greatly improved the physical properties of volcanic reservoirs,and made the volcanic rocks of K 1 yc be favorable natural gas reservoirs.The above conclusions provide the basis to better understand the relationship of the volcanic rock distribution and faults,the mechanism of volcanic eruption and the formation of natural gas reservoirs in volcanic rocks.

Geochemistry,Geochronology,Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance

The Jiang Tso ophiolite, situated in the middle segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone, is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite, gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N-MORB, the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti, K, Na, P, and is depleted in Nb, Ta, Hf, Th and enriched in Rb, Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra-subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma （MSWD=1.4）, indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr, Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle （DM）, with enriched mantle domain II （EMII）. They have the same Sr, Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.

Features and dynamic mechanisms of Cenozoic tectonic migration and its impact on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the northern South China Sea

The northern continental margin of the South China Sea （SCS） is located within the tectonic system of Southeast Asia, an area with a great deal of tectonic migration due to the regional tectonic movements. The available geological and geophysical data of the area are comprehensively analyzed in order to demonstrate the typical migration patterns of the Cenozoic tectonics in the northern SCS caused by the episodes of the Cenozoic tectonic movement. Furthermore, the lateral variation characteristics of the strata and the differ- ent evolution patterns of the main basins＇ features are assessed. It primarily focus on： （1） the Cenozoic epi- sodic rifting from north to south in the continental margin of the northern SCS; （2） the rifting and depression time of the main basins progressively become younger as one goes from north to south, signifying that the migration of both the tectonics and the sediments within the northern SCS travelled from north to south during the Cenozoic; and （3） the lateral tectonic migration on the direction of EW is not regular in total, but in some local areas the trending of the tectonic migration is from west to east. The analysis of the tectonic migration features of the northern SCS, in combination with the regional tectonic evolution background, indicates that the observed remote lagging effect, resulted from the India-Eurasia plate collision, is the main dynamic mechanism involved in the tectonic migration within the northern SCS. The tectonic migration has significant influence on both the organization of petroleum deposits and on the hydrocarbon accumulation within the basins in the northern SCS; comprehensive understanding of this dynamic system is of great reference value in predicting the hydrocarbon accumulation and has the potential to have an enormous impact in discovering new deep reservoirs for the future oil-gas exploration.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Constraints on Petrogenesis of Plagiogranite from the Cuomuqu Ophiolite,Bangong Lake Area,North Tibet

Field observation, geochemical signatures and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that Cuomuqu ophiolite in the Bangonghu area was formed in a back-arc basin （BAB） above a supra- subduction zone （SSZ）. Zircon U-Pb dating of the diabase from the Cuomuqu massif yielded an age of 164.3±1.9 Ma, thus indicating that the ophiolite complex was formed in the Middle Jurassic during back-arc extension of the mature Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. The zircon εHf（t） and TDMC values of the plagiogranite are similar to the εHf（t） and TDM of the diabase, respectively. The mode of occurrence of plagiogranites and their bulk-rock and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that they were derived from the mantle, associated with the surrounding gabbro and diabase, and were formed by partial melting of altered and hydrated mafic rocks under shear conditions during lateral drifting of the oceanic crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the plagiogranite is 156.4±1.4 Ma, and it is 7.9 Ma younger than the hosting diabase. In this study, zircon chronological and Hf isotopic data were tentatively analyzed to determine the genesis of plagiogranites in the Cuomuqu ophiolite complex.

Geochronology of the Dong Tso Ophiolite and the Tectonic Environment

The wedge shaped Dong Tso ophiolitic block is distributed near the transition point from the western to the middle sub-belt of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.The ophiolite is characterized by well-developed cumulate rocks that are mainly composed of cumulate and massive gabbros.In the cumulate gabbros,the adcumulate amphiboles are distributed extensively around the plagioclase and residual pyroxene grains; hence,the rocks are named adcumulate amphibole-gabbro.In this study,the formation age of the ophiolite has been estimated to be 166 ± 4 million years （Ma） by the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe （SHRIMP） Ⅱ U-Pb isotopic analysis of the zircons from the adcumulate amphibole-gabbro; the 40Ar/39Ar plateau age was estimated to be 148.19 ± 1.53 Ma,which should represent the emplacement time of the ophiolite,by isotopic dating of the pure amphibole mineral from the amphibole-schist.Two different suits of volcanic lavas have been recognized in this work.The purple colored pillow basalts have high TiO2 and P2O5 contents,and are rich in light rare earth elements （LREEs）,large-ion lithospheric elements （LILEs） and high-field-strength elements （HFSEs）,the characteristics that are the typical of the oceanic island basalt （OIB）.On the other hand,other massive basaltic andesites of celadon color are poor in MgO; rich in Fe2O3,LREEs,LILEs,and HFSEs; and especially characterized by negative Nb and Ta anomalies,the properties that establish the andesites as continental arc volcanic rocks.It is concluded that hotspots had developed in the old Dong Tso basin,the oceanic basin that had been developing from middle Jurassic （166 Ma） or even before and emplaced northward in late Jurassic （about 148 Ma）.

中建南盆地后扩张期T_(5)和T_(3)不整合面的发育特征及对南海科学钻探的意义

中建南盆地是位于南海西部陆缘的一个走滑拉张型盆地,具有南海北部张裂和西部走滑的双重构造特征,盆地发育新生界多个区域不整合面,对于研究盆地的沉积-构造演化史、油气资源以及南海的形成过程都具有重要意义。本文通过收集越南钻井约束,对广州海洋地质调查局的深反射地震剖面进行了重新解译,标定南海扩张结束后(中中新世以来)T_(5)和T_(3)两个区域不整合面的地质属性,结合区域构造运动分析,认为:T_(5)不整合面形成于南海海底扩张停止时期的碰撞不整合面,对应于红河-南海西缘断裂带从左旋运动到右旋运动的过渡期,时代为15 Ma,地震剖面揭示该界面总体的构造活动不强烈,推测沙巴造山运动在中建南盆地的响应已大幅减弱。T_(3)不整合面对应于区域性重要板块重组事件和全球海平面快速下降的构造转换面,与红河-南海西缘断裂带右旋走滑密切相关,时代为11.6 Ma,地震剖面显示该界面具有明显的剥蚀削截特征,同时是南海西部大规模碳酸盐岩、水道和扇体开始发育的重要时期,推测为南沙运动或万安运动在盆地内强烈作用的结果。研究表明,南海后扩张期表现出强烈构造活动及沉积响应的差异,通过未来大洋钻探,可明确南海西部T_(5)、T_(3)两个区域不整合面的空间变化特征和区域动力学环境,为认识南海西缘断裂带对西部沉积盆地群成因机制以及油气分布的控制作用提供依据。

The aggregation characteristics and formation mechanism of nanoparticles in ductile shear zone

1 Introduction Nanoparticles are widely found in the ductile shear zone and it is considered to have a close relation with faulting.The sizes of these nanoparticles are generallyless than 100 nm.They have a variety of morphologies like globular structure rod-like and tubular,by the order aggregating of these nanoparticles various aggregations

红河断裂韧性剪切带内纳米颗粒的形态及其构造意义

纳米颗粒被发现广泛发育于韧性剪切带内,其发育特征与断层的剪切活动密切相关.为了解红河断裂韧性剪切带内纳米颗粒的发育特征,探讨其形成规律及与红河断裂活动性的关系,我们在不同的区段3次穿越红河韧性剪切带,采集了韧性剪切带内糜棱岩、片麻岩和片岩等近百块样品进行扫描电镜(SEM)的观察,通过对纳米颗粒的统计和分析,在样品中发现了具球粒状形貌特征的纳米单体,这些单体呈分散状分布于岩石表面,同时还发现了多达12种纳米颗粒聚集体,不同的聚集体在形貌特征以及发育阶段上都有着明显的差异,反映了红河断裂带剪切活动过程中不同位置经历不同的构造应力、温度和压力条件.