【目的】跟踪调查甘蔗花穗经不同温度水浴杀雄后的生物学特征变化,评价温汤杀雄效果,为进一步提高甘蔗杂交结实提供理论依据。【方法】以花粉较多的甘蔗品种ROC22和科5为试验材料,设48、50和52℃温水各处理3 min 3个处理,以不进行温度...【目的】跟踪调查甘蔗花穗经不同温度水浴杀雄后的生物学特征变化,评价温汤杀雄效果,为进一步提高甘蔗杂交结实提供理论依据。【方法】以花粉较多的甘蔗品种ROC22和科5为试验材料,设48、50和52℃温水各处理3 min 3个处理,以不进行温度处理为对照,对各处理2个甘蔗品种花穗的开花动态、雌蕊外部形态变化、单穗散粉量、花粉成熟度、花粉活力变化及授予外源花粉4 h后柱头原位萌发情况和结实性进行对比分析。【结果】与对照相比,不同温度处理下2个甘蔗品种的花穗均延迟开花,温度越高,延迟时间越长;单穗散粉量和花粉活力显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)降低;随着处理温度的升高,单穗自交出苗数和异交出苗数极显著降低,假杂种比例呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,其中以50℃处理的假杂种比例最低(0.09~0.11),处理效果最佳。3种温度处理对雌蕊外观、柱头可授性及成熟花粉影响较小。【结论】结合甘蔗杂交育种对实生苗后代选择需要,以50℃温水处理3 min的去雄效果较理想,可减少后代区分假杂种的人工投入,提高育种效率。展开更多
We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated s...We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated specimens are investigated by transmission electron microscopy with cross-section technique.For home-made reduced activation ferritic-martensitic(RAFM)and T91 steels irradiated at 450℃,both large size and bimodal size distribution of the cavity are found in their peak damage regions,whereas novel high silicon(NHS)steel exhibits good swelling resistance at different irradiation temperatures.Temperature relativity of the cavity swelling in NHS,RAFM and T91 steels is discussed briefly.展开更多
Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slo...Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slow positron beam. Differences of the defect information among samples implanted by helium to a fluence of 1×1017 ions/cm2 at room temperature, 300°C, 450°C and 750°C are discussed. It is found that the mobility of vacancies and vacancy clusters, a recombination of vacancy-type defects and the formation of the He-V complex lead to the occurrence of these differences. At high temperature irradiations, a change of the diffusion mechanism of He atoms/He bubbles might be one of the reasons for the change of the S-parameter.展开更多
文摘【目的】跟踪调查甘蔗花穗经不同温度水浴杀雄后的生物学特征变化,评价温汤杀雄效果,为进一步提高甘蔗杂交结实提供理论依据。【方法】以花粉较多的甘蔗品种ROC22和科5为试验材料,设48、50和52℃温水各处理3 min 3个处理,以不进行温度处理为对照,对各处理2个甘蔗品种花穗的开花动态、雌蕊外部形态变化、单穗散粉量、花粉成熟度、花粉活力变化及授予外源花粉4 h后柱头原位萌发情况和结实性进行对比分析。【结果】与对照相比,不同温度处理下2个甘蔗品种的花穗均延迟开花,温度越高,延迟时间越长;单穗散粉量和花粉活力显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)降低;随着处理温度的升高,单穗自交出苗数和异交出苗数极显著降低,假杂种比例呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,其中以50℃处理的假杂种比例最低(0.09~0.11),处理效果最佳。3种温度处理对雌蕊外观、柱头可授性及成熟花粉影响较小。【结论】结合甘蔗杂交育种对实生苗后代选择需要,以50℃温水处理3 min的去雄效果较理想,可减少后代区分假杂种的人工投入,提高育种效率。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91026002,91126011 and 11275005。
文摘We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated specimens are investigated by transmission electron microscopy with cross-section technique.For home-made reduced activation ferritic-martensitic(RAFM)and T91 steels irradiated at 450℃,both large size and bimodal size distribution of the cavity are found in their peak damage regions,whereas novel high silicon(NHS)steel exhibits good swelling resistance at different irradiation temperatures.Temperature relativity of the cavity swelling in NHS,RAFM and T91 steels is discussed briefly.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91026002, 91126011 and 11275005.
文摘Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slow positron beam. Differences of the defect information among samples implanted by helium to a fluence of 1×1017 ions/cm2 at room temperature, 300°C, 450°C and 750°C are discussed. It is found that the mobility of vacancies and vacancy clusters, a recombination of vacancy-type defects and the formation of the He-V complex lead to the occurrence of these differences. At high temperature irradiations, a change of the diffusion mechanism of He atoms/He bubbles might be one of the reasons for the change of the S-parameter.
