A novel compound was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra, TG, CV and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in an orthorhombic space group C222 with a =...A novel compound was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra, TG, CV and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in an orthorhombic space group C222 with a = 1. 622 4(3) nm, b=3. 498 4(7) nm, c=l. 301 5(3) nm,V=7. 387(3) nm3, Z = 6, R1 = 0. 037 3, wR2 = 0. 114 0. The Ala (Ala = alanine) molecules were protonated at the amino nitrogen N (1) and the C (2) of Ala group with the terminal oxygen atom O(15), O(14), O(26) and O(27) of the polyoxometalates participating in the hydrogen bond network. The anti-tumor activity of the title compound was estimated against Hela and Pc-3m cancer cells.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to study the effects of four feeding attractants（dimethyl-15-propiothetin, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, sodium- 5＇-inosinate） on feed intake, growth performance, body composition, digesti...[ Objective] The aim was to study the effects of four feeding attractants（dimethyl-15-propiothetin, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, sodium- 5＇-inosinate） on feed intake, growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and serum indices of Hucho taimen with initial body weight 9.39 ±0.26 g. [ Method] The Hucho taimen was raised in water flow system. There was one control group and four process group. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicates of 50 fish for 56 days. During the experiment, the water temperature fluctuated from 9.3℃ to 14.2℃ and the dissolved oxygen was above 8.0 mg/L. [ Result ] The weight gain rate and specific growth rate increased significantly by adding 0.2% dimethyl- 13-propiothetin, 0.2% trimethylamine oxide, 0.2% betaine, but there were no changes with 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate supplementation （ P 〉 0.05）. The body crude protein increased significantly by supplementing 0.2% dimethyl-15-propiothetin（ P 〈0.05）, and body crude lipid decreased signifi- cantly by adding 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine（ P 〈0.05）, but body composition had no changes by supplementing 0.05% sodium- 5＇-inosinate（ P 〉0.05）. The digestive enzyme activities increased significantly by adding 0.2% dimethyl-13-propiothetin and 0.2% trimethylamine oxide（ P 〈0.05）, and the lipase increased significantly by supplementing 0.2% betaine（ P 〈 0.05）, but digestive enzyme activities had no changes supplemented 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate（ P 〉 0.05）. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin increased significantly added 0.2% dimethyl-15- propiothetin（ P 〈0.05）, and the high density lipoprotein content increased while cholesterol, triglycedde and low density lipoprotein decreased sig- nificantly added 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine（ P 〈 0.05）, and serum complement 3 and complement 4 increased significantly sup- plemented 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] The food intake, growth performance, body composition and digestive ability of taimen were improved supplemented with 0.2% dimethyl-15-propiothetin, 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine, respectively（ P 〈 0.05）, but not 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate. The immunity of body was improved by adding 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate.展开更多
Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes,so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing.Nev...Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes,so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing.Nevertheless,climate change is more or less affecting society'sfunctions at different scales,including both individuals and communities.In this review,we discuss the relationship between society and climatechange in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages.The relationship as well as the current spatialpattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized.The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to thespatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China.To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past,we advocategreater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption,poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions(Nbs).That could providedecision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.展开更多
A clear understanding of the changes of water resources under the background of environmental changes is of great significance for scientific management and utilization of water resources in China.This study systemati...A clear understanding of the changes of water resources under the background of environmental changes is of great significance for scientific management and utilization of water resources in China.This study systematically analyzed the spatialetemporal variations of surface water resources in China since 2000.Water vulnerability in current(2010s)and its trends from 2000 to late-2010s in different regions of China were also summarized.In addition,the correspondingly adaptive measures to counter regional risks to water resources were proposed.We concluded that the runoff of major rivers had been decreasing in eastern China and increasing in western China during 2000-2018.In the arid area of Northwest China,the alpine runoff has shown an overall upward trend since the late-1990s/early-2000s,with a 10%-25% increase caused by the increase of glacial meltwater and precipitation.While the runoff of each hydrological station in the 2000s-2010s was 34.7% lower than that in the 1950se2010s on average.The increases in precipitation and glacial meltwater with global warming caused a rapid expansion of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang,thus leading to an increase in total area and water quantity of lakes in China from 1995 to 2015.The mean contribution rates of climate change and human activity to runoff change in river basins of China were 53.5% and 46.5%,respectively,during the period of 2000-2010s.The driving factor of runoff change in many river basins has gradually changed from climate change(1950s-2000)to human activity(2000-2018).During 2000-2018,the contributions of human activities to runoff change were 50%-80% in major rivers of eastern China.The vulnerability in most areas of Northwest China and North China is generally high,with the vulnerability index greater than 0.6.Comparatively,in Northeast,East,South,and Central China,it is lower or not vulnerable.In Southwest China,the vulnerability varies greatly with Yunnan and Sichuan relatively low while Chongqing and Guizhou relatively high.The precipitation increase,the application of water-saving technology,the establishment of flood control and drought relief engineering facilities,and the introduction of relevant policies and measures have helped to gradually reduce the vulnerability of water resources in most areas of North and Northwest China(except Xinjiang)from 2000 to 2010s.Water vulnerability has been increasing in southern China,caused by climate change and the development of industry and agriculture,which increases water resource exposure since 2000.Based on the typical risk factors and vulnerability characteristics of water resources in different regions,this study proposed some targeted adaptive measures correspondingly so as to scientifically deal with the problems of surface water resources in China.展开更多
文摘A novel compound was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV spectra, TG, CV and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in an orthorhombic space group C222 with a = 1. 622 4(3) nm, b=3. 498 4(7) nm, c=l. 301 5(3) nm,V=7. 387(3) nm3, Z = 6, R1 = 0. 037 3, wR2 = 0. 114 0. The Ala (Ala = alanine) molecules were protonated at the amino nitrogen N (1) and the C (2) of Ala group with the terminal oxygen atom O(15), O(14), O(26) and O(27) of the polyoxometalates participating in the hydrogen bond network. The anti-tumor activity of the title compound was estimated against Hela and Pc-3m cancer cells.
基金funded by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003055)National Key Technology Research and Development Program in the 12th Five Year Plan of China(2012BAD25B10)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Institutes of HRFRI(201103)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to study the effects of four feeding attractants（dimethyl-15-propiothetin, trimethylamine oxide, betaine, sodium- 5＇-inosinate） on feed intake, growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and serum indices of Hucho taimen with initial body weight 9.39 ±0.26 g. [ Method] The Hucho taimen was raised in water flow system. There was one control group and four process group. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicates of 50 fish for 56 days. During the experiment, the water temperature fluctuated from 9.3℃ to 14.2℃ and the dissolved oxygen was above 8.0 mg/L. [ Result ] The weight gain rate and specific growth rate increased significantly by adding 0.2% dimethyl- 13-propiothetin, 0.2% trimethylamine oxide, 0.2% betaine, but there were no changes with 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate supplementation （ P 〉 0.05）. The body crude protein increased significantly by supplementing 0.2% dimethyl-15-propiothetin（ P 〈0.05）, and body crude lipid decreased signifi- cantly by adding 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine（ P 〈0.05）, but body composition had no changes by supplementing 0.05% sodium- 5＇-inosinate（ P 〉0.05）. The digestive enzyme activities increased significantly by adding 0.2% dimethyl-13-propiothetin and 0.2% trimethylamine oxide（ P 〈0.05）, and the lipase increased significantly by supplementing 0.2% betaine（ P 〈 0.05）, but digestive enzyme activities had no changes supplemented 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate（ P 〉 0.05）. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin increased significantly added 0.2% dimethyl-15- propiothetin（ P 〈0.05）, and the high density lipoprotein content increased while cholesterol, triglycedde and low density lipoprotein decreased sig- nificantly added 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine（ P 〈 0.05）, and serum complement 3 and complement 4 increased significantly sup- plemented 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] The food intake, growth performance, body composition and digestive ability of taimen were improved supplemented with 0.2% dimethyl-15-propiothetin, 0.2% trimethylamine oxide and 0.2% betaine, respectively（ P 〈 0.05）, but not 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate. The immunity of body was improved by adding 0.05% sodium-5＇-inosinate.
基金Chinese Academy of SciencesSTS Project(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-052)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730751)Youth Talent Project ofNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences(FEYS2019016)。
文摘Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes,so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing.Nevertheless,climate change is more or less affecting society'sfunctions at different scales,including both individuals and communities.In this review,we discuss the relationship between society and climatechange in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages.The relationship as well as the current spatialpattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized.The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to thespatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China.To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past,we advocategreater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption,poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions(Nbs).That could providedecision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(41877156,41730751,and 41771040)the Chinese Academy of Sciences STS Project(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-052)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA545)the Youth Talent Project of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences(FEYS2019016).
文摘A clear understanding of the changes of water resources under the background of environmental changes is of great significance for scientific management and utilization of water resources in China.This study systematically analyzed the spatialetemporal variations of surface water resources in China since 2000.Water vulnerability in current(2010s)and its trends from 2000 to late-2010s in different regions of China were also summarized.In addition,the correspondingly adaptive measures to counter regional risks to water resources were proposed.We concluded that the runoff of major rivers had been decreasing in eastern China and increasing in western China during 2000-2018.In the arid area of Northwest China,the alpine runoff has shown an overall upward trend since the late-1990s/early-2000s,with a 10%-25% increase caused by the increase of glacial meltwater and precipitation.While the runoff of each hydrological station in the 2000s-2010s was 34.7% lower than that in the 1950se2010s on average.The increases in precipitation and glacial meltwater with global warming caused a rapid expansion of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang,thus leading to an increase in total area and water quantity of lakes in China from 1995 to 2015.The mean contribution rates of climate change and human activity to runoff change in river basins of China were 53.5% and 46.5%,respectively,during the period of 2000-2010s.The driving factor of runoff change in many river basins has gradually changed from climate change(1950s-2000)to human activity(2000-2018).During 2000-2018,the contributions of human activities to runoff change were 50%-80% in major rivers of eastern China.The vulnerability in most areas of Northwest China and North China is generally high,with the vulnerability index greater than 0.6.Comparatively,in Northeast,East,South,and Central China,it is lower or not vulnerable.In Southwest China,the vulnerability varies greatly with Yunnan and Sichuan relatively low while Chongqing and Guizhou relatively high.The precipitation increase,the application of water-saving technology,the establishment of flood control and drought relief engineering facilities,and the introduction of relevant policies and measures have helped to gradually reduce the vulnerability of water resources in most areas of North and Northwest China(except Xinjiang)from 2000 to 2010s.Water vulnerability has been increasing in southern China,caused by climate change and the development of industry and agriculture,which increases water resource exposure since 2000.Based on the typical risk factors and vulnerability characteristics of water resources in different regions,this study proposed some targeted adaptive measures correspondingly so as to scientifically deal with the problems of surface water resources in China.
