BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect o...BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.展开更多
In order to enhance the efficiency of spectrum utilization and reduce communication overhead in spectrum sharing process, we propose a two-stage dynamic spectrum sharing scheme in which cooperative and noncooperative ...In order to enhance the efficiency of spectrum utilization and reduce communication overhead in spectrum sharing process, we propose a two-stage dynamic spectrum sharing scheme in which cooperative and noncooperative modes are analyzed in both stages. In particular, the existence and the uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium(NE) strategies for noncooperative mode are proved. In addition, a distributed iterative algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions of the scheme. Simulation studies are carried out to show the performance comparison between two modes as well as the system revenue improvement of the proposed scheme compared with a conventional scheme without a virtual price control factor.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and hei...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and heightening TB mortality. Determining interaction mechanism between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can lead to development of effective treatments. This study summarizes prevalence status of AIDS and TB coinfection and research advances concerning their interaction mechanism.展开更多
Super resolution imaging capable of resolving details beyond the diffraction limit is highly desired in many scientific and application fields, including bio-medicine, nanomaterial science, and opto-electronic integra...Super resolution imaging capable of resolving details beyond the diffraction limit is highly desired in many scientific and application fields, including bio-medicine, nanomaterial science, and opto-electronic integration. Up to now, many different methods have been proposed, among which wide-field, label-free super resolution microscopy is indispensable due to its good applicability to diverse sample types, large field of view（FOV）, and high imaging speed. In recent years,nanostructures have made a crucial contribution to the wide-field, label-free subdiffraction microscopy, with various working mechanisms and configuration designs. This review summarizes the recent applications of the nanostructures in the wide-field, label-free super resolution microscopy, with the emphasis on the designs of hyperlens with hyperbolic dispersion, microsphere with ＂nano-jets＂, and nanowire ring illumination microscopy based on spatial frequency shift effect. The bottlenecks of the current techniques and possible solutions are also discussed.展开更多
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the main pathogen that causes hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infections(ALRIs)in children.With the reopening of communities and schools,the resurgence of RSV in th...Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the main pathogen that causes hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infections(ALRIs)in children.With the reopening of communities and schools,the resurgence of RSV in the COVID-19 post-pandemic era has become a major concern.To understand the circulation patterns and genotype variability of RSV in Tianjin before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,a total of 19,531 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from hospitalized children in Tianjin from July 2017 to June 2022 were evaluated.Direct immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used for screening RSV-positive samples and subtyping,respectively.Further analysis of mutations in the second hypervariable region(HVR2)of the G gene was performed through Sanger sequencing.Our results showed that 16.46%(3215/19,531)samples were RSV positive and a delayed increase in the RSV infection rates occurred in the winter season from December 2020 to February 2021,with the average RSV-positive rate of 35.77%(519/1451).The ON1,with H258Q and H266L substitutions,and the BA9,with T290I and T312I substitutions,are dominant strains that alternately circulate every 1–2 years in Tianjin,China,from July 2017 to June 2022.In addition,novel substitutions,such as N296Y,K221T,N230K,V251A in the BA9 genotype,and L226I in the ON1 genotype,emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.Analysis of clinical characteristics indicated no significant differences between RSV-A and RSV-B groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.However,further studies are needed to explore the regulatory mechanism of host immune responses to different lineages of ON1 and BA9 in the future.展开更多
As the need for energy storage devices escalates,aqueous zincion batteries(ZIBs)have risen as a promising alternative to the widely used Li-ion batteries,offering intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and cost ...As the need for energy storage devices escalates,aqueous zincion batteries(ZIBs)have risen as a promising alternative to the widely used Li-ion batteries,offering intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and cost advantages,positioning them as attractive energy storage systems for the future[1,2].However,challenges such as dendrite growth on Zn anodes,stemming from uneven electric fields on the surface and active water side reactions,compromise cycling stability and lifespan,posing significant hurdles for the practical application of ZIBs[3,4].To mitigate these issues,strategies like electrolyte optimization,artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layers,and current collector modifications have been proposed[5,6].Nevertheless,most long-cycle experiments are conducted at low current densities and deposition capacities,with high current density and capacity operations typically lasting less than 1000 h[7].展开更多
Optical metasurfaces have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in photonics,offering unparalleled control over light-matter interactions at the subwavelength scale with ultrathin surface nanostructures and thereby g...Optical metasurfaces have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in photonics,offering unparalleled control over light-matter interactions at the subwavelength scale with ultrathin surface nanostructures and thereby giving birth to flat optics.While most reported optical metasurfaces are static,featuring well-defined optical responses determined by their compositions and configurations set during fabrication,dynamic optical metasurfaces with reconfigurable functionalities by applying thermal,electrical,or optical stimuli have become increasingly more in demand and moved to the forefront of research and development.Among various types of dynamically controlled metasurfaces,electrically tunable optical metasurfaces have shown great promise due to their fast response time,low power consumption,and compatibility with existing electronic control systems,offering unique possibilities for dynamic tunability of light–matter interactions via electrical modulation.Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art design methodologies and technologies explored in this rapidly evolving field.Our work delves into the fundamental principles of electrical modulation,various materials and mechanisms enabling tunability,and representative applications for active light-field manipulation,including optical amplitude and phase modulators,tunable polarization optics and wavelength filters,and dynamic waveshaping optics,including holograms and displays.The review terminates with our perspectives on the future development of electrically triggered optical metasurfaces.展开更多
Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-c...Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-centrations and treatment times of EMS were applied to investigate their effects on the marigold seed germination rate,growth traits,antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e.,SOD and POD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Results indicated that with increasing the EMS treatment duration and concentration,the seed germination rate and growth treatments were reduced,accompanied by elevated MDA content.In addition,SOD and POD activ-ities initially correlated positively with the growth tratis at the lowest concentrations and shortest durations of EMS,but such relationship diminished beyond certain thresholds.The comprehensive analysis identified the opti-mal mutagenic conditions as 1%EMS treatment for 12 h,achieving a semi-lethal dose and enhancing stress-resis-tant components in seedlings.Thesefindings are pivotal for advancing genetic enhancement and germplasm innovation in marigolds.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61471115)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2014ZX03003010-002)+1 种基金the General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20131299)the 2016 Science and Technology joint research and innovation foundation of Jiangsu province(SBY2016020323)
文摘In order to enhance the efficiency of spectrum utilization and reduce communication overhead in spectrum sharing process, we propose a two-stage dynamic spectrum sharing scheme in which cooperative and noncooperative modes are analyzed in both stages. In particular, the existence and the uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium(NE) strategies for noncooperative mode are proved. In addition, a distributed iterative algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions of the scheme. Simulation studies are carried out to show the performance comparison between two modes as well as the system revenue improvement of the proposed scheme compared with a conventional scheme without a virtual price control factor.
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and tuberculosis(TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and heightening TB mortality. Determining interaction mechanism between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can lead to development of effective treatments. This study summarizes prevalence status of AIDS and TB coinfection and research advances concerning their interaction mechanism.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61735017 and 51672245)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.R17F050003)+4 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB352003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Chinathe Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation,Chinathe Cao Guangbiao Advanced Technology Program,ChinaFirst-class Universities and Academic Programs,China
文摘Super resolution imaging capable of resolving details beyond the diffraction limit is highly desired in many scientific and application fields, including bio-medicine, nanomaterial science, and opto-electronic integration. Up to now, many different methods have been proposed, among which wide-field, label-free super resolution microscopy is indispensable due to its good applicability to diverse sample types, large field of view（FOV）, and high imaging speed. In recent years,nanostructures have made a crucial contribution to the wide-field, label-free subdiffraction microscopy, with various working mechanisms and configuration designs. This review summarizes the recent applications of the nanostructures in the wide-field, label-free super resolution microscopy, with the emphasis on the designs of hyperlens with hyperbolic dispersion, microsphere with ＂nano-jets＂, and nanowire ring illumination microscopy based on spatial frequency shift effect. The bottlenecks of the current techniques and possible solutions are also discussed.
基金funded by the Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(Grant number TJYXZDXK-040A)the Public Health and Technology Project of Tianjin(Grant number TJWJ2021QN050).
文摘Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the main pathogen that causes hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infections(ALRIs)in children.With the reopening of communities and schools,the resurgence of RSV in the COVID-19 post-pandemic era has become a major concern.To understand the circulation patterns and genotype variability of RSV in Tianjin before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,a total of 19,531 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from hospitalized children in Tianjin from July 2017 to June 2022 were evaluated.Direct immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used for screening RSV-positive samples and subtyping,respectively.Further analysis of mutations in the second hypervariable region(HVR2)of the G gene was performed through Sanger sequencing.Our results showed that 16.46%(3215/19,531)samples were RSV positive and a delayed increase in the RSV infection rates occurred in the winter season from December 2020 to February 2021,with the average RSV-positive rate of 35.77%(519/1451).The ON1,with H258Q and H266L substitutions,and the BA9,with T290I and T312I substitutions,are dominant strains that alternately circulate every 1–2 years in Tianjin,China,from July 2017 to June 2022.In addition,novel substitutions,such as N296Y,K221T,N230K,V251A in the BA9 genotype,and L226I in the ON1 genotype,emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.Analysis of clinical characteristics indicated no significant differences between RSV-A and RSV-B groups.This study provides a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.However,further studies are needed to explore the regulatory mechanism of host immune responses to different lineages of ON1 and BA9 in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279075)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020YQ09).
文摘As the need for energy storage devices escalates,aqueous zincion batteries(ZIBs)have risen as a promising alternative to the widely used Li-ion batteries,offering intrinsic safety,environmental compatibility,and cost advantages,positioning them as attractive energy storage systems for the future[1,2].However,challenges such as dendrite growth on Zn anodes,stemming from uneven electric fields on the surface and active water side reactions,compromise cycling stability and lifespan,posing significant hurdles for the practical application of ZIBs[3,4].To mitigate these issues,strategies like electrolyte optimization,artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layers,and current collector modifications have been proposed[5,6].Nevertheless,most long-cycle experiments are conducted at low current densities and deposition capacities,with high current density and capacity operations typically lasting less than 1000 h[7].
基金supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark(No.1134-00010B)Villum Fonden(award in Technical and Natural Sciences 2019,Nos.37372 and 50343).
文摘Optical metasurfaces have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in photonics,offering unparalleled control over light-matter interactions at the subwavelength scale with ultrathin surface nanostructures and thereby giving birth to flat optics.While most reported optical metasurfaces are static,featuring well-defined optical responses determined by their compositions and configurations set during fabrication,dynamic optical metasurfaces with reconfigurable functionalities by applying thermal,electrical,or optical stimuli have become increasingly more in demand and moved to the forefront of research and development.Among various types of dynamically controlled metasurfaces,electrically tunable optical metasurfaces have shown great promise due to their fast response time,low power consumption,and compatibility with existing electronic control systems,offering unique possibilities for dynamic tunability of light–matter interactions via electrical modulation.Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art design methodologies and technologies explored in this rapidly evolving field.Our work delves into the fundamental principles of electrical modulation,various materials and mechanisms enabling tunability,and representative applications for active light-field manipulation,including optical amplitude and phase modulators,tunable polarization optics and wavelength filters,and dynamic waveshaping optics,including holograms and displays.The review terminates with our perspectives on the future development of electrically triggered optical metasurfaces.
基金This work was supported by Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key R&D Plan(202303AM140018,202303AK140029,202303AK140028)Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Experiment Open Foundation(FKL-202203)+2 种基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Science and Technology Project Agriculture Joint Foundation(202301BD070001-208)Yunnan Provincial Expert Basic Research Workstation FoundationWe also acknowledge the financial support from the Researchers Supporting Project(RSPD2025R751),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Marigolds(Tagetes spp.)are popular horticultural plants worldwide.The current study aimed to investigate the optimal mutagenic conditions for marigold seeds using EMS(ethyl methanesulfonate)mutagenesis.Different con-centrations and treatment times of EMS were applied to investigate their effects on the marigold seed germination rate,growth traits,antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e.,SOD and POD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents.Results indicated that with increasing the EMS treatment duration and concentration,the seed germination rate and growth treatments were reduced,accompanied by elevated MDA content.In addition,SOD and POD activ-ities initially correlated positively with the growth tratis at the lowest concentrations and shortest durations of EMS,but such relationship diminished beyond certain thresholds.The comprehensive analysis identified the opti-mal mutagenic conditions as 1%EMS treatment for 12 h,achieving a semi-lethal dose and enhancing stress-resis-tant components in seedlings.Thesefindings are pivotal for advancing genetic enhancement and germplasm innovation in marigolds.
