Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA sc...Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.展开更多
Satellite-based precipitation observations with high spatiotemporal resolution are essential for studying rainfall-induced natural hazards,especially in alpine and canyon areas of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,whic...Satellite-based precipitation observations with high spatiotemporal resolution are essential for studying rainfall-induced natural hazards,especially in alpine and canyon areas of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,which are prone to such hazards yet sparsely gauged.Here,we evaluated precipitation estimated from the Chinese Fengyun-4A meteorological satellite(FY-4A AGRI)versus the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM(IMERG),by using rain gauge data collected in the Parlung Zangbo Basin from May through September in both 2018 and 2019.Our results showed that(1)FY-4A AGRI generated smaller values of RMSE(root mean square error)on hourly to daily scales,and larger correlation coefficients(R-values)and smaller RMSE values for both moderate and heavy rain,indicating its greater accuracy at rainfall estimation,which is most likely due to the denser rain gauge network at a finer temporal scale used when calibrating FY-4A AGRI;(2)Both satellite products underestimated the volume of moderate and heavy rain,with the larger degree of underestimation by FY-4A AGRI,which could lower their performance in flood monitoring and forecasting;(3)Worse performance and greater inconsistency between the two products were observed in high-elevation areas,perhaps because of orographic cloud effects in these mountainous areas;and(4)Both products revealed that the Gangrigabu Range blocked incoming water vapor from the southwest monsoon,with a better representation of the spatial pattern and spatial variability produced by IMERG.To improve precipitation estimation,the effects of complex terrain should be explicitly incorporated into the retrieval algorithms,with more gauged observations in a denser network and at a finer temporal scale needed to robustly calibrate the satellite-based estimates.展开更多
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1309200).
文摘Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.
基金funded by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2020YFS0356)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42201520)the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(Grants No.E01Z790201)。
文摘Satellite-based precipitation observations with high spatiotemporal resolution are essential for studying rainfall-induced natural hazards,especially in alpine and canyon areas of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,which are prone to such hazards yet sparsely gauged.Here,we evaluated precipitation estimated from the Chinese Fengyun-4A meteorological satellite(FY-4A AGRI)versus the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM(IMERG),by using rain gauge data collected in the Parlung Zangbo Basin from May through September in both 2018 and 2019.Our results showed that(1)FY-4A AGRI generated smaller values of RMSE(root mean square error)on hourly to daily scales,and larger correlation coefficients(R-values)and smaller RMSE values for both moderate and heavy rain,indicating its greater accuracy at rainfall estimation,which is most likely due to the denser rain gauge network at a finer temporal scale used when calibrating FY-4A AGRI;(2)Both satellite products underestimated the volume of moderate and heavy rain,with the larger degree of underestimation by FY-4A AGRI,which could lower their performance in flood monitoring and forecasting;(3)Worse performance and greater inconsistency between the two products were observed in high-elevation areas,perhaps because of orographic cloud effects in these mountainous areas;and(4)Both products revealed that the Gangrigabu Range blocked incoming water vapor from the southwest monsoon,with a better representation of the spatial pattern and spatial variability produced by IMERG.To improve precipitation estimation,the effects of complex terrain should be explicitly incorporated into the retrieval algorithms,with more gauged observations in a denser network and at a finer temporal scale needed to robustly calibrate the satellite-based estimates.
