以医院为基础的宫颈癌登记患者生存率分析

目的对南通市肿瘤医院2002-2014年以医院为基础的宫颈癌登记病例作生存率分析,为宫颈癌防治提供依据。方法采用主动随访与被动随访相结合的方法,对建立的以医院为基础的癌症登记数据库中来自启东、海门籍的宫颈癌住院患者开展生存结局的随访,随访截至2016年3月31日。用寿命表法计算各年观察生存率,并采用SPSS21软件作生存率比较分析,并用Gehan统计量评估差异的显著性。结果在南通市肿瘤医院住院的启东、海门籍宫颈癌患者为452例,随访获得癌症生存结局信息的为432例,随访率为95. 58%;失访20例,失访率为4. 42%。首次入院平均年龄为(51. 59±7. 07)岁。在各年龄组中40～59岁共计276例,占63. 89%。患者的1、3、5及10年总观察生存率分别为88. 43%、72. 74%、66. 58%及58. 01%。<40岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组、60～69岁组及≥70岁组的5年总观察生存率分别为68. 17%、75. 77%、68. 57%、54. 52%及43. 42%;<40岁组与60～69岁组生存率比较(Gehan=6. 144,P=0. 013)、40～49岁组与60～69岁组生存率比较(Gehan=4. 624,P=0. 032),差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。启东籍宫颈癌患者1年、3年观察生存率略高于海门籍患者,而5年及10年观察生存率则低于海门籍患者,但差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论本组以医院为基础的宫颈癌登记患者地区间差异不大,但各年龄组生存率比较差异有统计学意义。较高的患者随访率,完整体现了启海籍宫颈癌患者治疗的综合效果。

Modulation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus by pharmacological approach:A novel strategy for the development of cognitive enhancers

Learning and memory not only provide the foundations of cognition, but are also closely related to sensory and motor function. Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are accompanied by deficits in synaptic function and cognition to varying degrees. The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal synaptic transmission, which has been recognized as a classical model of learning and memory at the cellular level, has spurred substantial progress in the development of cognitive enhancers in the past 20 years. Following intensive investigations into LTP, a variety of compounds and biologically active substances have been found to modulate hippocampal LTP via numerous molecular mechanisms including regulating presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, postsynaptic signal transduction and gene transcription. This review focuses on the progress of investigations into the overarching mechanisms of LTP, the drugs modulating LTP and prospects for the development of new drugs for treating cognitive impairments in the future.