目的基于监测、流行病学和结果数据库(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results,SEER),分析肺大细胞神经内分泌癌(pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, PLCNEC)的临床特征和患者生存情况,建立预后模型。方法从SEER数...目的基于监测、流行病学和结果数据库(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results,SEER),分析肺大细胞神经内分泌癌(pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, PLCNEC)的临床特征和患者生存情况,建立预后模型。方法从SEER数据库中收集2004-2013年诊断为PLCNEC的患者1 656例,描述其基本临床特征,通过Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并进行生存分析。使用Cox比例风险模型探索与总生存期(overall survival,OS)相关的临床特征,并建立可视化的预测患者预后的列线图(nomogram)模型,通过重复抽样对模型进行验证。结果 1 656例PLCNEC患者中,男性(55.37%)和诊断年龄≥65岁(52.05%)居多,以白种人(84.12%)为主;40.94%做过手术治疗,37.80%做过放疗,51.93%做过化疗。生存分析发现:患者中位生存期为11个月,1年生存率为46.5%。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析发现:女性、黑种人及其他种族、手术治疗、放疗及化疗为保护因素,而年龄≥65岁,肿瘤长径增大,肿瘤向邻近组织、区域淋巴结及远处扩散为危害因素,肿瘤部位对生存影响无明显差异。利用上述与OS相关的临床特征,建立可视化列线图模型,可通过基本临床特征来预测PLCNEC患者的1年生存率。重复抽样验证发现该模型1年生存率预测值与实际值一致性较好(C-index为0.76)。结论 PLCNEC患者中位OS为11个月,1年生存率为46.5%;性别、诊断年龄、种族、基线肿瘤长径、肿瘤扩散、手术治疗、放射治疗及化疗等临床特征与PLCNEC生存预后相关;成功建立可视化列线图模型,可预测PLCNEC患者1年生存率。展开更多
The conventional test-per-scan built-in self-test （BIST） scheme needs a number of shift cycles followed by one capture cycle. Fault effects received by the scan flipflops are shifted out while shifting in the next t...The conventional test-per-scan built-in self-test （BIST） scheme needs a number of shift cycles followed by one capture cycle. Fault effects received by the scan flipflops are shifted out while shifting in the next test vector like scan testing. Unlike deterministic testing, it is unnecessary to apply a complete test vector to the scan chains. A new scan-based BIST scheme is proposed by properly controlling the test signals of the scan chains. Different biased random values are assigned to the test signals of scan flip-flops in separate scan chains. Capture cycles can be inserted at any clock cycle if necessary. A new testability estimation procedure according to the proposed testing scheme is presented. A greedy procedure is proposed to select a weight for each scan chain. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve test effectiveness of scan-based BIST greatly, and most circuits can obtain complete fault coverage or very close to complete fault coverage.展开更多
文摘目的基于监测、流行病学和结果数据库(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results,SEER),分析肺大细胞神经内分泌癌(pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, PLCNEC)的临床特征和患者生存情况,建立预后模型。方法从SEER数据库中收集2004-2013年诊断为PLCNEC的患者1 656例,描述其基本临床特征,通过Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并进行生存分析。使用Cox比例风险模型探索与总生存期(overall survival,OS)相关的临床特征,并建立可视化的预测患者预后的列线图(nomogram)模型,通过重复抽样对模型进行验证。结果 1 656例PLCNEC患者中,男性(55.37%)和诊断年龄≥65岁(52.05%)居多,以白种人(84.12%)为主;40.94%做过手术治疗,37.80%做过放疗,51.93%做过化疗。生存分析发现:患者中位生存期为11个月,1年生存率为46.5%。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析发现:女性、黑种人及其他种族、手术治疗、放疗及化疗为保护因素,而年龄≥65岁,肿瘤长径增大,肿瘤向邻近组织、区域淋巴结及远处扩散为危害因素,肿瘤部位对生存影响无明显差异。利用上述与OS相关的临床特征,建立可视化列线图模型,可通过基本临床特征来预测PLCNEC患者的1年生存率。重复抽样验证发现该模型1年生存率预测值与实际值一致性较好(C-index为0.76)。结论 PLCNEC患者中位OS为11个月,1年生存率为46.5%;性别、诊断年龄、种族、基线肿瘤长径、肿瘤扩散、手术治疗、放射治疗及化疗等临床特征与PLCNEC生存预后相关;成功建立可视化列线图模型,可预测PLCNEC患者1年生存率。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.60373009 and 60425203)
文摘The conventional test-per-scan built-in self-test （BIST） scheme needs a number of shift cycles followed by one capture cycle. Fault effects received by the scan flipflops are shifted out while shifting in the next test vector like scan testing. Unlike deterministic testing, it is unnecessary to apply a complete test vector to the scan chains. A new scan-based BIST scheme is proposed by properly controlling the test signals of the scan chains. Different biased random values are assigned to the test signals of scan flip-flops in separate scan chains. Capture cycles can be inserted at any clock cycle if necessary. A new testability estimation procedure according to the proposed testing scheme is presented. A greedy procedure is proposed to select a weight for each scan chain. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve test effectiveness of scan-based BIST greatly, and most circuits can obtain complete fault coverage or very close to complete fault coverage.
