目的:探讨血清脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)的相关性。方法:选择2015年1月至2018年12月在南京市第一医院神经内科住院的103例且年龄>60岁AD患者,另选择同期103例年龄和性别匹配的健康老...目的:探讨血清脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)的相关性。方法:选择2015年1月至2018年12月在南京市第一医院神经内科住院的103例且年龄>60岁AD患者,另选择同期103例年龄和性别匹配的健康老年者为对照,进行回顾性病例对照研究。分别用单因素、多因素二元Logistic回归分析方法和ROC曲线探索不同血清Lp(a)水平和AD的相关性。并且进一步探讨血清Lp(a)水平在不同年龄组老年人群中对AD发生风险的影响有无差异。结果:血清Lp(a)水平五分法后,以第一分组(Q1)为参考,随着血清Lp(a)水平分级升高,AD发生风险逐渐下降,Q2~Q5分组的相对风险分别为0.600、0.471、0.406、0.332(P for trend=0.011)。同样以Q1为参考,校正高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病,血肌酐、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)后,Q2~Q5的相对风险分别为0.475、0.343、0.302、0.367(P for trend=0.020)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Lp(a)水平升高对降低AD发生风险有一定限度(AUC=0.601),尚不能作为一个良好的预测因子。以lgLp(a)为连续变量,<75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险无相关性(OR=1.082,P=0.769),≥75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险降低有显著相关性(OR=0.718,P=0.006)。结论:≥75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险降低有显著相关性。展开更多
The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural ...The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨血清脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)的相关性。方法:选择2015年1月至2018年12月在南京市第一医院神经内科住院的103例且年龄>60岁AD患者,另选择同期103例年龄和性别匹配的健康老年者为对照,进行回顾性病例对照研究。分别用单因素、多因素二元Logistic回归分析方法和ROC曲线探索不同血清Lp(a)水平和AD的相关性。并且进一步探讨血清Lp(a)水平在不同年龄组老年人群中对AD发生风险的影响有无差异。结果:血清Lp(a)水平五分法后,以第一分组(Q1)为参考,随着血清Lp(a)水平分级升高,AD发生风险逐渐下降,Q2~Q5分组的相对风险分别为0.600、0.471、0.406、0.332(P for trend=0.011)。同样以Q1为参考,校正高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病,血肌酐、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)后,Q2~Q5的相对风险分别为0.475、0.343、0.302、0.367(P for trend=0.020)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Lp(a)水平升高对降低AD发生风险有一定限度(AUC=0.601),尚不能作为一个良好的预测因子。以lgLp(a)为连续变量,<75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险无相关性(OR=1.082,P=0.769),≥75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险降低有显著相关性(OR=0.718,P=0.006)。结论:≥75岁者血清Lp(a)水平升高与AD发生风险降低有显著相关性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31971031, 31930053, and 32171039)the STI2030Major Projects (Grant Nos. 2021ZD0203600, 2022ZD0204802, and 2022ZD0204804)。
文摘The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.
文摘目的:探讨液体衰减反转恢复序列血管高信号(fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities, FVHs)与前循环大血管闭塞性卒中患者血管内机械血栓切除术(endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, EMT)后转归的相关性。方法:利用"南京市第一医院卒中数据库",回顾性连续纳入2015年6月至2018年12月期间接受EMT治疗的急性前循环大血管闭塞性卒中患者。在EMT治疗前评估远端FVHs分级以及美国介入和治疗神经放射学学会/介入放射学学会(American Society of Intervention and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology, ASITN/SIR)侧支循环分级。在发病后3个月时采用改良Rankin量表评估患者功能转归,0-2分定义为转归良好。对远端FVHs分级与ASITN/SIR侧支循环分级的相关性采用Spearman相关分析。采用多变量 logistic回归分析确定转归的独立预测因素。 结果:共纳入117例接受EMT治疗的急性前循环大动脉闭塞性卒中患者。年龄(70.74±12.50)岁,男性72例(61.5%);基线NIHSS评分(13.73±4.91)分;74例(63.2%)转归良好,43例(36.8%)转归不良。远端FVHs分级为:0级8例(6.84%),1级34例(29.06%),2级75例(64.10%)。与远端FVHs低级别组(0-1级)比较,高级别组(2级)ASITN/SIR侧支循环分级更高( P<0.001),基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评分更低( P=0.026)。Spearman相关分析显示,远端FVHs分级与ASITN/SIR侧支循环分级呈显著正相关( r=0.620, P<0.001)。多变量 logistic回归分析显示,远端FVHs分级高[优势比(odds ratio, OR)0.336,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)0.128-0.879;P=0.026]与转归良好独立相关,而基线NIHSS评分较高( OR 1.036,95% CI 0.988-1.229;P=0.048)和有症状脑出血( OR 5.597,95% CI 1.052-29.761;P=0.043)与转归不良独立相关。 结论:远端FVHs可反映侧支循环状态,远端FVHs分级高与前循环大血管闭塞性卒中患者EMT治疗后转归良好相关。
文摘目的探讨血清尿酸与急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械血栓切除后转归和有症状颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,sICH)的相关性。方法回顾性纳入南京医科大学附属南京医院卒中数据库中2015年1月至2019年1月因急性缺血性卒中入院并接受静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械血栓切除的患者,记录人口统计学特征、血管危险因素、实验室检查结果、溶栓前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、发病至治疗时间以及是否发生sICH。在发病后90 d时采用改良Rankin量表进行转归评价,0~2分定义为转归良好。采用多变量logistic回归模型确定转归和sICH的独立影响因素。结果共纳入144例患者,54例(37.5%)转归良好,90例(62.5%)转归不良(包括28例死亡),29例(20.1%)发生sICH。转归良好组血清尿酸显著高于转归不良组(P<0.05),非sICH组血清尿酸显著高于sICH组(P<0.05)。多变量logistic回归分析显示,血清尿酸较高是患者转归良好(优势比0.82,95%可信区间0.66~0.93;P<0.001)以及sICH(优势比0.97,95%可信区间0.93~0.99;P=0.004)的独立保护因素。结论高血清尿酸与静脉溶栓桥接血管内机械血栓切除患者转归良好独立相关。
