The Xining basin is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is a rift basin formed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic and structurally belongs to the intersection of Kunlun and Qilian Mountains. Ceno...The Xining basin is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is a rift basin formed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic and structurally belongs to the intersection of Kunlun and Qilian Mountains. Cenozoic fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary strata are continuous in the Xining basin, with a thickness of more than 800 m, completely recording the deformation uplifting, weathering and denudation history and climate change process of the northeastern plateau. Currently, early Miocene Xijia fauna, early Middle Miocene Danshuilu fauna and late Middle Miocene Diaogou fauna are discovered in the Xining basin, which provide an important basis for the stratigraphic correlation of the Cenozoic strata in the Xining basin. However, in the next few decades, there are no reports about the large mammal fossils in the Xining basin, especially about late Miocene fauna. The author discovered a large amount of mammal fossils in the Neogene sedimentary strata in Huzhu area, Xining basin. According to the identification results of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, these fossils mainly included Hipparion dongxiangense, Chilotherium sp., Parelasmotherium sp., Stephanocemas sp. and Kubanochoerus sp. and their age was early Late Miocene. Since the discovery of this set of fossils directly filled the blank that there were no large mammal fossils in the Xining basin in Late Miocene, it was very important for studying the magnetic stratigraphic chronology of fossil-forming strata and establishing the paleomagnetic chronology scale plate of mammal fossils. In this paper, the paleomagnetic data of the fossil-forming stratigraphic profile, Banyan profile, were measured and the paleomagnetic records were collected through high density sampling, and finally the paleomagnetic polarity column of the profile was established. The results showed that five positive and five negative polarity segments were recorded in Banyan profile, which corresponded well to the polarity between C3 Br.1 n-C4 n.2 n in the standard polarity column. The age of profile top was about 7.25 Ma and profile bottom was about 8.4 Ma, with an age range of 1.15 Ma. The mammal fossils discovered this time were exposed between positive and negative polarities N5 and R5 at the bottom of the profile, corresponding to C4 r.1 r at negative polarity and C4 n.2 n at positive polarity in the standard polarity column. The age of mammal fossils was about 8.3 Ma. The paleomagnetic chronology of the strata and paleontological fossils determined the absolute age of late Miocene mammal fossils and expanded the upper age of late Miocene Xianshuihe Formation(N1 xn) in the Xining basin, which had provided new basic data for further studying the stratigraphic deposition and correlation of late Cenozoic strata and regional environmental evolution.展开更多
数据与安全监查委员会(Data and Safety Monitoring Board,DSMB)在国际范围内广泛应用于大规模、多中心临床试验及政府资助项目,它在全程保护受试者安全、提升临床研究质量与水平方面起着十分重要的作用。虽然DSMB在欧美发达国家运用经...数据与安全监查委员会(Data and Safety Monitoring Board,DSMB)在国际范围内广泛应用于大规模、多中心临床试验及政府资助项目,它在全程保护受试者安全、提升临床研究质量与水平方面起着十分重要的作用。虽然DSMB在欧美发达国家运用经验较成熟,但在我国目前尚处于起步阶段。该文通过回顾DSMB的起源和工作流程,比较模式及国际现行各指导原则,分析其应用现状、发展趋势和存在的问题,提出根据各国国情及不同临床研究特点,除了对累积数据进行期中分析以动态评估干预措施的安全性有效性外,采取扩大监查范围、丰富监查模式、建立专业的技术队伍、制定符合各类临床研究特点的DSMB操作规程、重视并建立DSMB保险和赔偿机制等策略,不仅是在国际范围内推进和完善数据与安全监查工作的有效途径,也是提高我国临床研究技术与国际先进水平接轨亟待解决的问题。展开更多
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41772381)the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Research Fund (Grant Nos. YYWF201511 and DZLXJK201710)the Geological Investigation Project of China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. 121201234000160014, 12120113006100, 121201104000150009 and DD20160083)
文摘The Xining basin is located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is a rift basin formed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic and structurally belongs to the intersection of Kunlun and Qilian Mountains. Cenozoic fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary strata are continuous in the Xining basin, with a thickness of more than 800 m, completely recording the deformation uplifting, weathering and denudation history and climate change process of the northeastern plateau. Currently, early Miocene Xijia fauna, early Middle Miocene Danshuilu fauna and late Middle Miocene Diaogou fauna are discovered in the Xining basin, which provide an important basis for the stratigraphic correlation of the Cenozoic strata in the Xining basin. However, in the next few decades, there are no reports about the large mammal fossils in the Xining basin, especially about late Miocene fauna. The author discovered a large amount of mammal fossils in the Neogene sedimentary strata in Huzhu area, Xining basin. According to the identification results of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, these fossils mainly included Hipparion dongxiangense, Chilotherium sp., Parelasmotherium sp., Stephanocemas sp. and Kubanochoerus sp. and their age was early Late Miocene. Since the discovery of this set of fossils directly filled the blank that there were no large mammal fossils in the Xining basin in Late Miocene, it was very important for studying the magnetic stratigraphic chronology of fossil-forming strata and establishing the paleomagnetic chronology scale plate of mammal fossils. In this paper, the paleomagnetic data of the fossil-forming stratigraphic profile, Banyan profile, were measured and the paleomagnetic records were collected through high density sampling, and finally the paleomagnetic polarity column of the profile was established. The results showed that five positive and five negative polarity segments were recorded in Banyan profile, which corresponded well to the polarity between C3 Br.1 n-C4 n.2 n in the standard polarity column. The age of profile top was about 7.25 Ma and profile bottom was about 8.4 Ma, with an age range of 1.15 Ma. The mammal fossils discovered this time were exposed between positive and negative polarities N5 and R5 at the bottom of the profile, corresponding to C4 r.1 r at negative polarity and C4 n.2 n at positive polarity in the standard polarity column. The age of mammal fossils was about 8.3 Ma. The paleomagnetic chronology of the strata and paleontological fossils determined the absolute age of late Miocene mammal fossils and expanded the upper age of late Miocene Xianshuihe Formation(N1 xn) in the Xining basin, which had provided new basic data for further studying the stratigraphic deposition and correlation of late Cenozoic strata and regional environmental evolution.
文摘数据与安全监查委员会(Data and Safety Monitoring Board,DSMB)在国际范围内广泛应用于大规模、多中心临床试验及政府资助项目,它在全程保护受试者安全、提升临床研究质量与水平方面起着十分重要的作用。虽然DSMB在欧美发达国家运用经验较成熟,但在我国目前尚处于起步阶段。该文通过回顾DSMB的起源和工作流程,比较模式及国际现行各指导原则,分析其应用现状、发展趋势和存在的问题,提出根据各国国情及不同临床研究特点,除了对累积数据进行期中分析以动态评估干预措施的安全性有效性外,采取扩大监查范围、丰富监查模式、建立专业的技术队伍、制定符合各类临床研究特点的DSMB操作规程、重视并建立DSMB保险和赔偿机制等策略,不仅是在国际范围内推进和完善数据与安全监查工作的有效途径,也是提高我国临床研究技术与国际先进水平接轨亟待解决的问题。
