目的探讨银屑病分型与甲状腺功能障碍的关系。方法收集复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科2013年月至2018年10月临床确诊为银屑病并做过甲状腺功能检查的住院患者,共计468例。检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离...目的探讨银屑病分型与甲状腺功能障碍的关系。方法收集复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科2013年月至2018年10月临床确诊为银屑病并做过甲状腺功能检查的住院患者,共计468例。检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine,TT3)、总甲状腺激素(total thyroxine,TT4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-thyrogloblin antibody,TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-thyroperoxidase antibody,TPOAb);分析寻常型、脓疱型、红皮病型和关节病型银屑病患者的甲状腺功能,比较各型银屑病中垂体-甲状腺轴各项激素和抗体水平的差异。结果寻常型银屑病患者血清垂体-甲状腺轴各项激素水平正常的比例更高( P <0.001),而在红皮病型银屑病患者中更易发生FT3或FT4下降但TSH正常( P <0.001)。脓疱型银屑病患者中FT3水平更低( P <0.05),红皮病型银屑病患者中FT4水平更低( P <0.05),关节病型银屑病患者中TSH水平更高( P <0.05)。各组银屑病患者TPOAb平均水平均高于正常值,但在4组银屑病患者中TPOAb和TGAb水平差异无统计学意义。结论银屑病与桥本氏甲状腺炎相关的甲状腺功能障碍存在一定的关联,尤其在非寻常型银屑病中,但在红皮病型银屑病中需注意合并正常甲状腺病态综合征的可能。展开更多
Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method ...Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method of the reducer bends subjected to internal pressure, analytical formulas are re-examined. Finite element analysis and stress measurements of the reducer bend are carried out. It is found that it is not appropriate to analyze the reducer bends by using thin membrane theory. The formula derived directly from circumferential stress formula of reducer bends under internal pressure is conservative, which is further verified by the finite element analysis results and it can thus be applied to piping design.展开更多
文摘目的探讨银屑病分型与甲状腺功能障碍的关系。方法收集复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科2013年月至2018年10月临床确诊为银屑病并做过甲状腺功能检查的住院患者,共计468例。检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine,TT3)、总甲状腺激素(total thyroxine,TT4)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-thyrogloblin antibody,TGAb)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-thyroperoxidase antibody,TPOAb);分析寻常型、脓疱型、红皮病型和关节病型银屑病患者的甲状腺功能,比较各型银屑病中垂体-甲状腺轴各项激素和抗体水平的差异。结果寻常型银屑病患者血清垂体-甲状腺轴各项激素水平正常的比例更高( P <0.001),而在红皮病型银屑病患者中更易发生FT3或FT4下降但TSH正常( P <0.001)。脓疱型银屑病患者中FT3水平更低( P <0.05),红皮病型银屑病患者中FT4水平更低( P <0.05),关节病型银屑病患者中TSH水平更高( P <0.05)。各组银屑病患者TPOAb平均水平均高于正常值,但在4组银屑病患者中TPOAb和TGAb水平差异无统计学意义。结论银屑病与桥本氏甲状腺炎相关的甲状腺功能障碍存在一定的关联,尤其在非寻常型银屑病中,但在红皮病型银屑病中需注意合并正常甲状腺病态综合征的可能。
文摘Standard reducer bends have structural functions of both bend and reducer pipe at the same time. However, there is a lack of strength design method in the current codes. In order to develop the strength design method of the reducer bends subjected to internal pressure, analytical formulas are re-examined. Finite element analysis and stress measurements of the reducer bend are carried out. It is found that it is not appropriate to analyze the reducer bends by using thin membrane theory. The formula derived directly from circumferential stress formula of reducer bends under internal pressure is conservative, which is further verified by the finite element analysis results and it can thus be applied to piping design.