一种多层组合梁自由振动分析的混合有限元法

基于截面等效,提出了多层组合梁的二维分析模型。使用混合能变分原理,以包含频率函数的节点位移及其能量对偶的应力分量为单元节点未知量,引入混合元对梁长方向进行离散,建立动力学状态空间控制方程;接着引入微分求积法(Differential Quadrature Method,DQM)对控制方程进行梁高度方向的离散,求得组合梁在不同轴力与边界条件下的动力学方程。以混凝土-木材组合梁、波形钢腹板梁和钢-混组合梁为例进行验证。该方法基于二维理论,可为梁理论提供假设依据和误差分析的基准。

基于Zig-zag理论的波形钢腹板梁自由振动分析

根据波形钢腹板梁的特点,将波形钢腹板梁模拟为具有正交各向异性层的夹芯梁,并引入层间连续的Zig-zag位移假设和分层抛物线分布的横向切应力假设,基于混合能变分原理,建立波形钢腹板梁自由振动的Zig-zag理论.该理论的横向切应力满足上、下表面为0以及层间连续条件,因此无需引入剪切修正系数.导出波形钢腹板梁的频率方程,得到不同边界条件下的频率和振型.与其他方法的对比表明该理论能够精确地预测波形钢腹板梁的动力学特性.

抛石斜坡堤后坡面稳定重量的模型试验研究

海堤在风暴潮和极端波浪的联合作用下极易发生堤顶大量越浪,而越浪量的增加可能导致防波堤后坡的破坏,造成重大生命财产损失。针对这一问题,对防波堤后坡抛石护面进行系列二维物理模型试验,根据越浪对堤后不同抛石重量的冲刷破坏情况,将抛石重量换算为厚度后,讨论堤后抛石稳定厚度与越浪量之间的关系。结果表明,稳定厚度与越浪量成线性相关。为便于公式直接应用于实际工程中,对平均越浪量进行分析,并对比国内外现有越浪量计算公式,结合我国常用防波堤结构形式,提出不规则波作用下的平均越浪量计算公式。最终给出不规则波作用下后坡抛石稳定重量的计算公式,可为我国防波堤后坡护面结构设计提供重要参考依据。

Analytical solution for functionally graded anisotropic cantilever beam under thermal and uniformly distributed load

The bending problem of a functionally graded anisotropic cantilever beam subjected to thermal and uniformly dis-tributed load is investigated,with material parameters being arbitrary functions of the thickness coordinate. The heat conduction problem is treated as a 1D problem through the thickness. Based on the elementary formulations for plane stress problem,the stress function is assumed to be in the form of polynomial of the longitudinal coordinate variable,from which the stresses can be derived. The stress function is then determined completely with the compatibility equation and boundary conditions. A practical example is presented to show the application of the method.

Experimental Study on Mean Overtopping of Sloping Seawall Under Oblique Irregular Waves

In this paper, domestic and abroad research progresses and related calculation formulae of the mean overtopping discharge are summarized. Through integral physical model experiments, the relation between the wave direction and the overtopping discharge on the top of the sloping dike is focused on and put into analysis and discussion; and a modified formula for mean overtopping discharges under oblique irregular waves is proposed. The study shows that the mean overtopping discharge generally goes down as the relative wave obliquity fl increases for a fixed measurement point and the mean overtopping discharge generally increases as the wave steepness H/L decreases （the cycle increases） for a fixed relative wave obliquity.

3D analytical solution for a rotating transversely isotropic annular plate of functionally graded materials

The analytical solution for an annular plate rotating at a constant angular velocity is derived by means of direct displacement method from the elasticity equations for axisymmetric problems of functionally graded transversely isotropic media. The displacement components are assumed as a linear combination of certain explicit functions of the radial coordinate, with seven undetermined coefficients being functions of the axial coordinate z. Seven equations governing these z-dependent functions are derived and solved by a progressive integrating scheme. The present solution can be degenerated into the solution of a rotating isotropic functionally graded annular plate. The solution also can be degenerated into that for transversely isotropic or isotropic homogeneous materials. Finally, a special case is considered and the effect of the material gradient index on the elastic field is illustrated numerically.

3种氯代烷基有机磷阻燃剂对摇蚊幼虫的毒性效应

3种氯代烷基有机磷阻燃剂(OFRs-Cl)指磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP)、磷酸三(2-氯-丙基)酯(TCPP)和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)。采用加标于水法研究3种新型环境污染物OFRs对伸展摇蚊(Chironomus riparius)四龄幼虫的毒性效应。结果表明,ρ(TDCPP)和ρ(TCEP)为5. 0 mg·L-1时能促进摇蚊幼虫羽化,且TDCPP的促进效果更强。3种OFRs-Cl暴露对摇蚊幼虫抗氧化酶产生较大影响,幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随浓度增加均被诱导增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量在5. 0 mg·L-1条件下均增加。热休克蛋白同源物(HSC70基因)分别在ρ(TDCPP)和ρ(TCEP)为5. 0 mg·L-1时显著上调,ρ(TCPP)为5. 0 mg·L-1时显著下调(P<0. 05)。细胞色素P450家族(CYP4G基因)在3种OFRs-Cl胁迫下均下调,而TDCPP胁迫的下调效果最为显著。进一步分析发现,TDCPP对幼虫SOD和MDA有剂量-效应关系,不同酶和基因对3种OFRs-Cl的敏感性不同,解毒酶和相关基因未呈显著相关性,故可选择不同指标作为生物标志物监测OFRs-Cl对摇蚊幼虫的毒性大小。