为研究不同施氮量对糯和非糯小麦原粮品质及酿酒品质的影响,明确酿酒专用小麦高产优质生产的适宜氮肥用量。于2019、2020连续2年在四川省成都市大邑县,以绵麦902(非糯性)和中科紫糯麦168(糯性)为材料,设置6个施氮量(0、45、90、135、180...为研究不同施氮量对糯和非糯小麦原粮品质及酿酒品质的影响,明确酿酒专用小麦高产优质生产的适宜氮肥用量。于2019、2020连续2年在四川省成都市大邑县,以绵麦902(非糯性)和中科紫糯麦168(糯性)为材料,设置6个施氮量(0、45、90、135、180和225 kg hm^(–2)),分析其对小麦原粮品质、酿酒品质和挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明:绵麦902产量、粉质率、灰分含量更高;中科紫糯麦168硬度、容重、蛋白质、脂肪含量相对较高,总淀粉和支链淀粉含量更高、直支比更低,除稀澥值比绵麦902高以外,其余RVA特征参数均更低。增加施氮量显著提高小麦产量,两品种产量均在225 kg hm^(–2)达最大值。粉质率和容重随施氮量增加而降低,硬度指数和蛋白质随施氮量增加而升高;脂肪和灰分含量在135 kg hm^(–2)、总淀粉和支链淀粉含量在90~135 kg hm^(–2)内较高,峰值黏度、低谷黏度在135 kg hm^(–2)后显著下降。两品种的出酒率年际间不同,2019年绵麦902的出酒率要显著高于中科紫糯麦168,2020年则相反,推测与2020年灌浆期雨水较多,中科紫糯麦168籽粒硬度指数下降、粉质率上升有关;在90~135kghm^(–2)施氮范围内两品种出酒率相对较高。绵麦902所酿制的白酒总酸、总酯含量不高,杂醇油含量也相对更低;中科紫糯麦168与之相反,但杂醇含量仍在安全范围(≤0.2 g 100 mL^(–1))。两年度绵麦902所酿白酒的总酸含量均在90 kg hm^(–2)处理下最高,2020年中科紫糯麦168的总酸含量则在135 kg hm^(–2)处理下最高。就总酯和杂醇油而言,两品种的总酯含量在135 kg hm^(–2)处理下相对较低,杂醇油含量在90kghm^(–2)下最低。与2019年相比,2020年两品种的总酸、总酯含量显著降低,这可能与该年度籽粒灌浆期降水较多,总淀粉、支链淀粉含量下降有关。中科紫糯麦168挥发性风味物质的种类和数量更多,整体酿酒特性要优于绵麦902。绵麦902的挥发性风味物质数量在90 kg hm^(–2)处理最高,综合评分最高,中科紫糯麦168的挥发性风味物质数量在225 kg hm^(–2)处理最高,综合评分最高。相关性分析和通径分析表明:总淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量与总酸、总酯含量呈极显著正相关关系,大多数淀粉理化指标通过直链淀粉、糊化温度等在总酯形成过程中起正向间接作用。研究认为,小麦出酒率受环境、粉质率影响,淀粉含量、组分、糊化特性对总酸、总酯的形成具有重要影响,酯类物质是挥发性风味物质主要成分,受品种因素影响较大。90~135 kg hm^(–2)施氮量下,糯和非糯小麦淀粉含量、组分和糊化特性较好,酿制白酒挥发性风味物质较多,是适宜酿酒小麦高产优质的适宜施氮量。展开更多
Postoperative adhesion(PA)is currently one of the most unpleasant complications following surgical procedures.Researchers have developed several new strategies to alleviate the formation of PA to a great extent,but so...Postoperative adhesion(PA)is currently one of the most unpleasant complications following surgical procedures.Researchers have developed several new strategies to alleviate the formation of PA to a great extent,but so far,no single measure or treatment can meet the expectations and requirements of clinical patients needing complete PA prevention.Chinese medicine(CM)has been widely used for thousands of years based on its remarkable efficacy and indispensable advantages CM treatments are gradually being accepted by modern medicine.Therefore,this review summarizes the formating process of PA and the efficacy and action mechanism of CM treatments,including their pharmacological effects,therapeutic mechanisms and advantages in PA prevention.We aim to improve the understanding of clinicians and researchers on CM prevention in the development of PA and promote the in-depth development and industrialization process of related drugs.展开更多
本研究旨在探讨触液核GluN2B-BDNF通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用。应用侧脑室注射特异性触液核示踪剂霍乱毒素亚单位B与辣根过氧化物酶复合物(cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with horseradish peroxidase,CB-HRP)的方法标记触液核...本研究旨在探讨触液核GluN2B-BDNF通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用。应用侧脑室注射特异性触液核示踪剂霍乱毒素亚单位B与辣根过氧化物酶复合物(cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with horseradish peroxidase,CB-HRP)的方法标记触液核;通过免疫荧光双标染色和Western blot观察大鼠触液核GluN2B和BDNF的表达;采用坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤法(chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve,CCI)建立大鼠慢性神经病理性疼痛模型;通过侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂和BDNF中和抗体观察CCI大鼠的行为学变化。结果显示,GluN2B和BDNF均在触液核内表达,并且在CCI大鼠表达上调;侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂或BDNF中和抗体能够减轻CCI大鼠的热痛觉过敏和机械性痛觉超敏;而且侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂能够逆转CCI大鼠BDNF的表达上调。以上结果提示,大鼠触液核内有GluN2B和BDNF的表达,并且触液核GluN2B-BDNF通路参与了大鼠神经病理性疼痛的发生。展开更多
文摘为研究不同施氮量对糯和非糯小麦原粮品质及酿酒品质的影响,明确酿酒专用小麦高产优质生产的适宜氮肥用量。于2019、2020连续2年在四川省成都市大邑县,以绵麦902(非糯性)和中科紫糯麦168(糯性)为材料,设置6个施氮量(0、45、90、135、180和225 kg hm^(–2)),分析其对小麦原粮品质、酿酒品质和挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明:绵麦902产量、粉质率、灰分含量更高;中科紫糯麦168硬度、容重、蛋白质、脂肪含量相对较高,总淀粉和支链淀粉含量更高、直支比更低,除稀澥值比绵麦902高以外,其余RVA特征参数均更低。增加施氮量显著提高小麦产量,两品种产量均在225 kg hm^(–2)达最大值。粉质率和容重随施氮量增加而降低,硬度指数和蛋白质随施氮量增加而升高;脂肪和灰分含量在135 kg hm^(–2)、总淀粉和支链淀粉含量在90~135 kg hm^(–2)内较高,峰值黏度、低谷黏度在135 kg hm^(–2)后显著下降。两品种的出酒率年际间不同,2019年绵麦902的出酒率要显著高于中科紫糯麦168,2020年则相反,推测与2020年灌浆期雨水较多,中科紫糯麦168籽粒硬度指数下降、粉质率上升有关;在90~135kghm^(–2)施氮范围内两品种出酒率相对较高。绵麦902所酿制的白酒总酸、总酯含量不高,杂醇油含量也相对更低;中科紫糯麦168与之相反,但杂醇含量仍在安全范围(≤0.2 g 100 mL^(–1))。两年度绵麦902所酿白酒的总酸含量均在90 kg hm^(–2)处理下最高,2020年中科紫糯麦168的总酸含量则在135 kg hm^(–2)处理下最高。就总酯和杂醇油而言,两品种的总酯含量在135 kg hm^(–2)处理下相对较低,杂醇油含量在90kghm^(–2)下最低。与2019年相比,2020年两品种的总酸、总酯含量显著降低,这可能与该年度籽粒灌浆期降水较多,总淀粉、支链淀粉含量下降有关。中科紫糯麦168挥发性风味物质的种类和数量更多,整体酿酒特性要优于绵麦902。绵麦902的挥发性风味物质数量在90 kg hm^(–2)处理最高,综合评分最高,中科紫糯麦168的挥发性风味物质数量在225 kg hm^(–2)处理最高,综合评分最高。相关性分析和通径分析表明:总淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量与总酸、总酯含量呈极显著正相关关系,大多数淀粉理化指标通过直链淀粉、糊化温度等在总酯形成过程中起正向间接作用。研究认为,小麦出酒率受环境、粉质率影响,淀粉含量、组分、糊化特性对总酸、总酯的形成具有重要影响,酯类物质是挥发性风味物质主要成分,受品种因素影响较大。90~135 kg hm^(–2)施氮量下,糯和非糯小麦淀粉含量、组分和糊化特性较好,酿制白酒挥发性风味物质较多,是适宜酿酒小麦高产优质的适宜施氮量。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82174394,81673982,81704084)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0121/2022/A3)+5 种基金the Faculty Research Grants of Macao University of Science and Technology(No.FRG-22-110-FC)the Natural Science Foundation of JiangsuProvince(No.BK20201401)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX21_1667)Chinese Medicine Technology Development Project of Jiangsu Province(No.QN202002)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.NZY81704084)the Open Projects of the Discipline of Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University Supported by the Subject of Academic priority discipline of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.ZYX03KF63)。
文摘Postoperative adhesion(PA)is currently one of the most unpleasant complications following surgical procedures.Researchers have developed several new strategies to alleviate the formation of PA to a great extent,but so far,no single measure or treatment can meet the expectations and requirements of clinical patients needing complete PA prevention.Chinese medicine(CM)has been widely used for thousands of years based on its remarkable efficacy and indispensable advantages CM treatments are gradually being accepted by modern medicine.Therefore,this review summarizes the formating process of PA and the efficacy and action mechanism of CM treatments,including their pharmacological effects,therapeutic mechanisms and advantages in PA prevention.We aim to improve the understanding of clinicians and researchers on CM prevention in the development of PA and promote the in-depth development and industrialization process of related drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571066)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2015626)。
文摘本研究旨在探讨触液核GluN2B-BDNF通路在神经病理性疼痛中的作用。应用侧脑室注射特异性触液核示踪剂霍乱毒素亚单位B与辣根过氧化物酶复合物(cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with horseradish peroxidase,CB-HRP)的方法标记触液核;通过免疫荧光双标染色和Western blot观察大鼠触液核GluN2B和BDNF的表达;采用坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤法(chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve,CCI)建立大鼠慢性神经病理性疼痛模型;通过侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂和BDNF中和抗体观察CCI大鼠的行为学变化。结果显示,GluN2B和BDNF均在触液核内表达,并且在CCI大鼠表达上调;侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂或BDNF中和抗体能够减轻CCI大鼠的热痛觉过敏和机械性痛觉超敏;而且侧脑室注射GluN2B拮抗剂能够逆转CCI大鼠BDNF的表达上调。以上结果提示,大鼠触液核内有GluN2B和BDNF的表达,并且触液核GluN2B-BDNF通路参与了大鼠神经病理性疼痛的发生。
