以厌氧污泥为接种微生物构建H型双室微生物燃料电池,考察不同电极材料(碳纸和碳布)对微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的影响。结果表明,采用碳布为电极材料的MFC启动更快,18 h达到稳定,但在稳定期采用碳纸为电极材料比采用碳布为电极材料的...以厌氧污泥为接种微生物构建H型双室微生物燃料电池,考察不同电极材料(碳纸和碳布)对微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的影响。结果表明,采用碳布为电极材料的MFC启动更快,18 h达到稳定,但在稳定期采用碳纸为电极材料比采用碳布为电极材料的MFC电压高出20 m V左右。采用碳布电极材料的MFC在启动初期的最大功率密度为4. 7 m W/m^2,内阻为1 782Ω;采用碳纸电极材料的MFC在启动初期的最大功率密度为8. 5 m W/m^2,内阻为1 125Ω,且驯化结束后稳定期的电压(313 m V)比碳布电极材料的MFC(282 m V)高,故MFC电极材料采用碳纸的产电效果优于碳布。展开更多
Anthropogenic activities profoundly influence carbon sequestration in the Eurasian Steppe. In particular, grazing has been identified as having a major effect on carbon sequestration. However, the extent to which graz...Anthropogenic activities profoundly influence carbon sequestration in the Eurasian Steppe. In particular, grazing has been identified as having a major effect on carbon sequestration. However, the extent to which grazing affects regional patterns or carbon sequestration is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of regional grazing on grassland carbon seques- tration using the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator （BEPS） and the Shiyomi grazing model. Model performances were validated against the results from field measurements and eddy covariance （EC） sites. Model outputs showed that in 2008, the regional net primary productivity （NPP） was 79.5 g C m-2, and the net ecosystem productivity （NEP） was -6.5 g C m-2, characterizing the region as a Weak carbon source. The Mongol Steppe （MS） was identified as a carbon sink, whereas the Kazakh Steppe （KS） was either carbon neutral or a weak carbon source. The spatial patterns of grazing density are divergent between the MS and the KS. in the MS, livestock was mainly distributed in China with relatively good management, while in the KS livestock was mainly concentrated in the southern countries （especially Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan） with harsh environments and poor management. The consumption percentages of NPP in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were 5.3, 3.3 and 1.2%, respectively, whereas the percentages in other countries were lower than 1%. Correspondingly, grazing consumption contributed to the carbon sources of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by 11.6, 6.3 and 4.3%, respectively, while it weakened the carbon sink in Inner Mongolia, China and Mongolia by 1.6 and 0.5%. This regional pattern should be affected by different sub-regional characteristics, e.g., the continuous degradation of grassland in the southern part of the KS and the restoration of grassland in Inner Mongolia, China.展开更多
文摘以厌氧污泥为接种微生物构建H型双室微生物燃料电池,考察不同电极材料(碳纸和碳布)对微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的影响。结果表明,采用碳布为电极材料的MFC启动更快,18 h达到稳定,但在稳定期采用碳纸为电极材料比采用碳布为电极材料的MFC电压高出20 m V左右。采用碳布电极材料的MFC在启动初期的最大功率密度为4. 7 m W/m^2,内阻为1 782Ω;采用碳纸电极材料的MFC在启动初期的最大功率密度为8. 5 m W/m^2,内阻为1 125Ω,且驯化结束后稳定期的电压(313 m V)比碳布电极材料的MFC(282 m V)高,故MFC电极材料采用碳纸的产电效果优于碳布。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500202)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (BK20140413)+1 种基金the Asia-Pacific Network (APN) Global Change Fund Project (ARCP2013-16NMY-Li)the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Anthropogenic activities profoundly influence carbon sequestration in the Eurasian Steppe. In particular, grazing has been identified as having a major effect on carbon sequestration. However, the extent to which grazing affects regional patterns or carbon sequestration is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of regional grazing on grassland carbon seques- tration using the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator （BEPS） and the Shiyomi grazing model. Model performances were validated against the results from field measurements and eddy covariance （EC） sites. Model outputs showed that in 2008, the regional net primary productivity （NPP） was 79.5 g C m-2, and the net ecosystem productivity （NEP） was -6.5 g C m-2, characterizing the region as a Weak carbon source. The Mongol Steppe （MS） was identified as a carbon sink, whereas the Kazakh Steppe （KS） was either carbon neutral or a weak carbon source. The spatial patterns of grazing density are divergent between the MS and the KS. in the MS, livestock was mainly distributed in China with relatively good management, while in the KS livestock was mainly concentrated in the southern countries （especially Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan） with harsh environments and poor management. The consumption percentages of NPP in Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were 5.3, 3.3 and 1.2%, respectively, whereas the percentages in other countries were lower than 1%. Correspondingly, grazing consumption contributed to the carbon sources of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by 11.6, 6.3 and 4.3%, respectively, while it weakened the carbon sink in Inner Mongolia, China and Mongolia by 1.6 and 0.5%. This regional pattern should be affected by different sub-regional characteristics, e.g., the continuous degradation of grassland in the southern part of the KS and the restoration of grassland in Inner Mongolia, China.
