An observational analysis of the structures and characteristics of a windy atmospheric boundary layer during a cold air outbreak in the South China Sea region is reported in this paper. It is found that the main struc...An observational analysis of the structures and characteristics of a windy atmospheric boundary layer during a cold air outbreak in the South China Sea region is reported in this paper. It is found that the main structures and characteristics are the same as during strong wind episodes with cold air outbreaks on land. The high frequency turbulent fluctuations (period 〈 1 min) are nearly random and isotropic with weak coherency, but the gusty wind disturbances (1 rain〈period 〈 10 min) are anisotropic with rather strong coherency. However, in the windy atmospheric boundary layer at sea, compared with that over land, there are some pronounced differences: (1) the average horizontal speed is almost independent of height, and the vertical velocity is positive in the lower marine atmospheric boundary layer; (2) the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is nearly independent of height in the low layer indicating the existence of a constant flux layer, unlike during strong wind over the land surface; (3) the kinetic energy and friction velocity of turbulent fluctuations are larger than those of gusty disturbances; (4) due to the independence of horizontal speed to height, the horizontal speed itself (not its vertical gradient used over the land surface) can be used as the key parameter to parameterize the turbulent and gusty characteristics with high accuracy.展开更多
Statistical analysis of turbulent and gusty characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer under weak wind period has been carried out.The data used in the analysis were from the multilevel ultrasonic anemometer-th...Statistical analysis of turbulent and gusty characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer under weak wind period has been carried out.The data used in the analysis were from the multilevel ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers at 47 m,120 m,and 280 m levels on Beijing 325 m meteorological tower.The time series of 3D atmospheric velocity were analyzed by using conventional Fourier spectral analysis and decompose into three parts:basic mean flow(period > 10 min),gusty disturbances(1 min < period < 10 min)and turbulence fluctuations(period < 1 min).The results show that under weak mean wind condition:1)the gusty disturbances are the most strong fluctuations,contribute about 60% kinetic energy of eddy kinetic energy and 80% downward flux of momentum,although both the eddy kinetic energy and momentum transport are small in comparison with those in strong mean wind condition;2)the gusty wind disturbances are anisotropic;3)the gusty wind disturbances have obviously coherent structure,and their horizontal and vertical component are negatively correlated and make downward transport of momentum more effectively;4)the friction velocities related to turbulence and gusty wind are approximately constant with height in the surface layer.展开更多
The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmosphe...The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov's theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.展开更多
In this paper,the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity,temperature,CO_(2),and water vapor.The authors find that the constants are all within the rang...In this paper,the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity,temperature,CO_(2),and water vapor.The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.展开更多
Time series of wind speed are composed of large and small ramp structures. Data analysis reveals a power law relation between the linear slope of ramp structures and the time scale. This suggests that these ramp struc...Time series of wind speed are composed of large and small ramp structures. Data analysis reveals a power law relation between the linear slope of ramp structures and the time scale. This suggests that these ramp structures of wind speed have a self-similar characteristic. The lower limit of the self-similar scale range was 2 s. The upper limit is unexpectedly large at 27 min. Data are collected from grassland, city, and lake areas. Although these data have different underlying surfaces, all of them clearly show a power law relation, with slight differences in their power exponents.展开更多
Wind direction forecasting plays an important role in wind power prediction and air pollution management. Weather quantities such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed are linear variables in which traditional...Wind direction forecasting plays an important role in wind power prediction and air pollution management. Weather quantities such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed are linear variables in which traditional model output statistics and bias correction methods are applied. However, wind direction is an angular variable; therefore, such traditional methods are ineffective for its evaluation. This paper proposes an effective bias correction technique for wind direction forecasting of turbine height from numerical weather prediction models, which is based on a circular-circular regression approach. The technique is applied to a 24-h forecast of 65-m wind directions observed at Yangmeishan wind farm, Yunnan Province, China, which consistently yields improvements in forecast performance parameters such as smaller absolute mean error and stronger similarity in wind rose diagram pattern.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 40830103 and 41375018)a National Program on Key Basic Research project (973 Program) (Grant No. 2010CB951804)+2 种基金the plan of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. LAPC-KF-2013-11)China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200906008)the program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA10010403)
文摘An observational analysis of the structures and characteristics of a windy atmospheric boundary layer during a cold air outbreak in the South China Sea region is reported in this paper. It is found that the main structures and characteristics are the same as during strong wind episodes with cold air outbreaks on land. The high frequency turbulent fluctuations (period 〈 1 min) are nearly random and isotropic with weak coherency, but the gusty wind disturbances (1 rain〈period 〈 10 min) are anisotropic with rather strong coherency. However, in the windy atmospheric boundary layer at sea, compared with that over land, there are some pronounced differences: (1) the average horizontal speed is almost independent of height, and the vertical velocity is positive in the lower marine atmospheric boundary layer; (2) the vertical flux of horizontal momentum is nearly independent of height in the low layer indicating the existence of a constant flux layer, unlike during strong wind over the land surface; (3) the kinetic energy and friction velocity of turbulent fluctuations are larger than those of gusty disturbances; (4) due to the independence of horizontal speed to height, the horizontal speed itself (not its vertical gradient used over the land surface) can be used as the key parameter to parameterize the turbulent and gusty characteristics with high accuracy.
基金supported by the national natural Science Foundation of China(40830103 and 41375018)the national Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951804)the Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA10010403)
文摘Statistical analysis of turbulent and gusty characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer under weak wind period has been carried out.The data used in the analysis were from the multilevel ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers at 47 m,120 m,and 280 m levels on Beijing 325 m meteorological tower.The time series of 3D atmospheric velocity were analyzed by using conventional Fourier spectral analysis and decompose into three parts:basic mean flow(period > 10 min),gusty disturbances(1 min < period < 10 min)and turbulence fluctuations(period < 1 min).The results show that under weak mean wind condition:1)the gusty disturbances are the most strong fluctuations,contribute about 60% kinetic energy of eddy kinetic energy and 80% downward flux of momentum,although both the eddy kinetic energy and momentum transport are small in comparison with those in strong mean wind condition;2)the gusty wind disturbances are anisotropic;3)the gusty wind disturbances have obviously coherent structure,and their horizontal and vertical component are negatively correlated and make downward transport of momentum more effectively;4)the friction velocities related to turbulence and gusty wind are approximately constant with height in the surface layer.
基金supported by the strategy guide for the specific task of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Carbon-budget Certification to Deal with Climate Change and Relevant Issues (Grant No. XDA05000000)Big Tower Certification System and Comprehensive Observation (Grant No. XDA05040301)
文摘The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov's theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40775018 and 40875008)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (Grant No. 2008BAC37B00)+1 种基金a special program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY200706034)the specific tasks of detailed investigation and evaluation of the national wind energy resource of Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Committee
文摘In this paper,the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity,temperature,CO_(2),and water vapor.The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91215302)"One-Three-Five" Strategic Planning (wind power prediction) of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. Y267014601)the Strategic Project of Science and Technology of CAS (Grant No. XDA05040301)
文摘Time series of wind speed are composed of large and small ramp structures. Data analysis reveals a power law relation between the linear slope of ramp structures and the time scale. This suggests that these ramp structures of wind speed have a self-similar characteristic. The lower limit of the self-similar scale range was 2 s. The upper limit is unexpectedly large at 27 min. Data are collected from grassland, city, and lake areas. Although these data have different underlying surfaces, all of them clearly show a power law relation, with slight differences in their power exponents.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05040301)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41101045)
文摘Wind direction forecasting plays an important role in wind power prediction and air pollution management. Weather quantities such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed are linear variables in which traditional model output statistics and bias correction methods are applied. However, wind direction is an angular variable; therefore, such traditional methods are ineffective for its evaluation. This paper proposes an effective bias correction technique for wind direction forecasting of turbine height from numerical weather prediction models, which is based on a circular-circular regression approach. The technique is applied to a 24-h forecast of 65-m wind directions observed at Yangmeishan wind farm, Yunnan Province, China, which consistently yields improvements in forecast performance parameters such as smaller absolute mean error and stronger similarity in wind rose diagram pattern.