Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combi...Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.展开更多
Resolutions of degenerate four-wave mixing with forward and phase-conjugate configurations (FDFWM and PCDFWM) are investigated and compared theoretically and experimentally in hot rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor.The theore...Resolutions of degenerate four-wave mixing with forward and phase-conjugate configurations (FDFWM and PCDFWM) are investigated and compared theoretically and experimentally in hot rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor.The theoretical simulations indicate that PCDFWM is of much higher resolution than FDFWM.The resolution of PCDFWM is less dependent on Doppler broadening.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.PCDFWM can resolve the hyperfine transitions and crossover resonances of 87 Rb which cannot be achieved by FDFWM.Additionally,with sample temperature increasing,the linewidth of FDFWM spectrum obviously broadens.In comparison,no obvious broadening can be observed in the PCDFWM spectrum.展开更多
P-type double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) with the single Si0.6Ge0.4 quantum well and double Si0.6Ge0.4spacer have been realized by using an ultra clean low-pressure chemical vapor deposition system. The e...P-type double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) with the single Si0.6Ge0.4 quantum well and double Si0.6Ge0.4spacer have been realized by using an ultra clean low-pressure chemical vapor deposition system. The effect of Si_(1-y)C_(y) layer on the characteristics of the devices was shown by comparing the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of RTD’s of the barriers of Si layers with that of Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si structures. The peak voltage was gradually increased and the resonant current decreased obviously with increasing C content in the Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers. The origin of the phenomena above can be attributed to the C related deep acceptor levels in the Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers. The possible mechanism for the observed I- V characteristics was shown more clearly by increasing C content to 3% and changing the thicknesses of Si and Si_(1-y)C_(y) layers in the Si/Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB523002)the National Action of Technology Personnel Servicing Enterprise Program of China(No.2009FJ5049)+1 种基金the Foundation of Hunan Science and Technology Committee, China(No.2009XK6032, 2009-152)the Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee, China(No.09CY001)
文摘Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB434811the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10874139+1 种基金the Ph.D.Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 200806970002the Northwest University Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students under Grant No 09YJC26.
文摘Resolutions of degenerate four-wave mixing with forward and phase-conjugate configurations (FDFWM and PCDFWM) are investigated and compared theoretically and experimentally in hot rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor.The theoretical simulations indicate that PCDFWM is of much higher resolution than FDFWM.The resolution of PCDFWM is less dependent on Doppler broadening.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.PCDFWM can resolve the hyperfine transitions and crossover resonances of 87 Rb which cannot be achieved by FDFWM.Additionally,with sample temperature increasing,the linewidth of FDFWM spectrum obviously broadens.In comparison,no obvious broadening can be observed in the PCDFWM spectrum.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Project of China(No.863-307-1620).
文摘P-type double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) with the single Si0.6Ge0.4 quantum well and double Si0.6Ge0.4spacer have been realized by using an ultra clean low-pressure chemical vapor deposition system. The effect of Si_(1-y)C_(y) layer on the characteristics of the devices was shown by comparing the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of RTD’s of the barriers of Si layers with that of Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si structures. The peak voltage was gradually increased and the resonant current decreased obviously with increasing C content in the Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers. The origin of the phenomena above can be attributed to the C related deep acceptor levels in the Si/ Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers. The possible mechanism for the observed I- V characteristics was shown more clearly by increasing C content to 3% and changing the thicknesses of Si and Si_(1-y)C_(y) layers in the Si/Si_(1-y)C_(y)/Si barriers.
