铅酸蓄电池用排管电阻的测量不确定度评定

介绍了排管电阻的测量不确定度评定方法。通过分析排管电阻的测试过程,建立了电阻测量的数学模型,确定了测量不确定度的来源。采用A、B类评定方法对各因素引起的不确定度分量、合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度进行评定,并给出评定结果。

废铅膏低碳全湿法铅回收技术研究

废铅蓄电池再生过程的经济和环境问题主要集中在废铅膏的回收处理。传统的废铅膏火法冶炼面临能耗高,环境污染重,CO_(2)排放量大等问题。在能源“双控”和“双碳”的背景下,废铅膏低碳全湿法铅回收技术引起了社会广泛关注。本文中,笔者系统地梳理了当前关注的废铅膏悬浮电解、电解沉积、固相电解和铅转化直接生产氧化铅技术等全湿法技术的研究情况,并在此基础上对各种全湿法铅回收技术进行了比较,指明了未来低碳全湿法铅回收的产业发展方向。

木素对Pb^(2+)吸附类型及脱附性的影响

本文中,通过改变Pb^(2+)初始浓度的方法,研究了等量木素对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能。根据Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin、Henry方程模型做吸附等温线,其中按Langmuir吸附模型得到的方程中方差R^2最大,确定木素对Pb^(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,且吸附方式主要以化学吸附为主。通过降低温度、降低pH、缩短时间3种方法考察木素吸附Pb^(2+)后的脱附情况。实验数据表明,通过降低温度的方法无法使被吸附的Pb^(2+)脱附,通过降低pH可以使被木素吸附的Pb^(2+)有效脱附,在低pH的环境下,被吸附的Pb^(2+)在短时间内即可实现大量的脱附。

基于时域有限差分法光学设计电介质纳米球薄膜钙钛矿光伏电池

薄膜钙钛矿光伏电池的光学设计不仅可以提高其能量转化效率,还可以降低其厚度,增强柔性。基于基本电磁理论,采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)求解麦克斯韦方程组的方法设计一种SiO2电介质纳米球,用来增强入射太阳光耦合进入到薄膜钙钛矿光伏电池的能力,以提高钙钛矿光伏电池的光谱吸收率。分析电介质纳米球的位置、半径和填充率对钙钛矿光伏电池的光谱吸收率和光生电流的影响。结果表明,采用前后双置电介质纳米球的钙钛矿光伏电池的光生电流可以达到25.5 mA/cm^2,比不采用电介质纳米球钙钛矿光伏电池的光生电流提高了14.8%。

非球状形貌粒子Au-H_(2)O纳米流体光谱分频 光伏/光热系统性能研究

基于表面等离激元效应的纳米流体光谱分频器具有良好的选择性光谱吸收性能,已显示出巨大潜力,然而现有纳米流体分频装置在光热窗口仍存在透射率较高的问题.为了提高光热窗口纳米流体的光谱吸收能力,文中提出了一种非球状形貌粒子的金-水纳米流体分频系统.通过时域有限差分方法(FDTD)对该分频系统进行数值计算与分析,结果表明:正六面体Au纳米流体具有最高的系统总输出功率,较球形、正三棱柱形Au纳米流体分别提高4.7%和11.1%.非球状粒子能够有效提高纳米流体光热窗口吸收能力,正六面体与正三棱柱Au纳米流体在0.3μm~0.7μm波段吸收率较球形粒子纳米流体分别提高了17.10%和22.59%.

A double-layer radiative cooling coating that utilizes the refractive index difference between layers to achieve extremely high solar reflectivity

Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)technology has great potential in reducing cooling energy consumption.In order to further improve the spectral performance of PDRC coatings,current researchers mostly focus on the selection and size design of functional particles,while ignoring the optical properties enhancement effect caused by the interlayer binder.In this study,based on the principle that the refractive index difference between layers enhanced the backscattering performance of the solar spectrum,we proposed and manufactured a double-layer PDRC coating with polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)as the filmforming material in the upper layer and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)as the film-forming material in the lower layer,both filled with Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) particles.The double-layer PDRC coating exhibited excellent spectral performance that a high solar reflectivity of 98%and an emissivity of 0.95 at the“atmospheric window”band.In comparison,the solar spectrum reflectivity of the single-layer PDRC coatings based on PVDF and PDMS of the same thickness was 95%and 94.7%,respectively.Outdoor tests showed that the PDRC coating achieved a temperature decrease of up to 7.1℃ under direct sunlight at noon time.In addition,the PDRC coating had excellent weather resistance,water resistance,and other basic properties.This article opens up a new idea and provides methodological guidance for the design of double-layer PDRC coatings.

Multiple Nanoparticles Coupling Strategy for Enhancing Optical Filter Performance of Spectral Splitter Used in Photovoltaic/Thermal System

Selective absorptive nanofluid can pre-absorb certain sunlight wavelength that cannot be used by PV and transmits remaining sunlight to the surface of PV,which can decouple PV from the thermal receiver spatially.In order to improve the harvesting of electricity and high-temperature thermal nanofluid,it is important to design an optimal optical filter window(transmit sunlight with wavelengths of 732-1067 nm to the surface of the photovoltaic cell and absorb the remaining sunlight).However,designing optimal optical filter is facing following challenges:(1) inherently narrow selective absorptivity property of single nanoparticle;(2) simplified numerical calculation method calculating transmittance;(3) ignoring the shape of the nanoparticle.In this study,the idea of using multiple nanoparticles coupling effect to design an optical filter is proposed,which can superimpose the narrow absorption bandwidth of different nanoparticles to obtain a wide absorption bandwidth of the whole system.In addition,an improved transmission method considering light-matter interaction at air/vessel and liquid/vessel interfaces is adopted to compute the transmittance.The results calculated by improved transmission method are more accurate than widely used traditional Lambert-Beer law,which is verified by experimental test.Furthermore,the effect of nanoparticle shape on spectral transmittance is also investigated,which shows that spiny Ag can approximately extend absorbance from 400 nm to 600 nm compared to nanosphere silver.Finally,the results show that optical filter efficiency of nanofluids with multiple nanoparticles coupling(Ag,spiny Ag,ZnO,ITO) can reached up to 35%.

姜黄素脂质包裹纳米粒的制备及药动学研究

制备了基于脂质包裹中空介孔二氧化硅纳米粒的姜黄素递药系统(CUR-HMSN@lip),对其处方工艺参数进行优化,并考察了在大鼠体内的药动学行为。采用TEM、PXRD、ζ电位和热重分析法对CUR-HMSN@lip进行表征,结果说明负载姜黄素的中空介孔二氧化硅纳米粒(CUR-HMSN)成功被磷脂包裹。口服给予大鼠CUR-HMSN@lip后,tmax为(1.83±0.41)h,AUClast为(570.82±48.07)h·ng·mL–1,MRTlast为(5.68±1.21)h;与CUR-HMSN处理组相比,CUR-HMSN@lip处理组的药-时曲线未出现双峰现象;CUR-HMSN@lip的相对生物利用度为203.8%。该研究表明,CUR-HMSN@lip递药系统能提高姜黄素的生物利用度,改善CUR-HMSN的突释现象。

高压氧综合治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者放射性肺损伤的疗效及其作用机制

目的探讨高压氧综合治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者放射性肺损伤的疗效及其作用机制。方法选取2020年7月至2022年2月临沂市中心医院胸外科收治的拟手术后放疗的非小细胞肺癌患者106例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组53例。对照组患者采用单纯放射治疗,研究组在此基础上给予高压氧治疗。治疗6周后评估2组患者的临床效果、骨髓抑制及肺损伤发生情况。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血清转化生长因子(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β和肺泡表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)水平。采用流式细胞仪测定患者外周静脉血T淋巴细胞CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值。结果研究组治疗后临床治疗总有效率(73.58%)显著高于对照组(50.94%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.527,P=0.033)。研究组治疗后早期肺损伤发生率、晚期肺损伤发生率及骨髓抑制发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.001)。2组患者治疗后血清TGF-β1、TNF-α、IL-1β和SP-A水平均明显低于治疗前,且研究组治疗后上述指标明显低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.001)。研究组患者治疗后外周血CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)值明显高于对照组,CD8^(+)明显低于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论高压氧综合治疗可以明显降低非小细胞肺癌患者的放射性肺损伤,降低炎症因子的表达水平,提高机体免疫功能,具有较好的临床应用价值。

Optical properties and cooling performance analyses of single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_(2) particles and SiO_(2) particles

Radiative cooling can achieve cooling effect without consuming any energy by delivering energy into outer space(3K) through"atmospheric window"(8–13 μm). Conventional radiative cooling coating with multi-layer structure was severely restricted during application due to its complex preparation process and high cost. In this study, a single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_(2) particles and SiO_(2) particles was proposed. The algorithm for calculating the radiative properties of the multi-particle system was developed. Monte Carlo ray-tracing method combined with that algorithm was used to solve the radiative transfer equation(RTE) of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_(2) particles and SiO_(2) particles.The effects of particle diameter, volume fraction and coating thickness on radiative cooling performance were analyzed to obtain the best radiative cooling performance. The numerical results indicated that the average reflectivity of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_(2) particles and SiO_(2) particles in the solar spectrum can reach 95.6%, while and the average emissivity in the "atmospheric window" spectrum can reach 94.9% without additional silver-reflectance layer. The average reflectivity in the solar spectrum and average emissivity in the "atmospheric window" spectrum of the single-layer radiative cooling coating with mixture of TiO_(2) particles and SiO_(2) particles can increase 4.6% and 4.8% compared to the double-layer radiative cooling coating. This numerical research results can provide a theoretical guidance for design and optimization of single-layer radiative cooling coatings containing mixed nanoparticles.