Therapeutic potential of exosome-based personalized delivery platform in chronic inflammatory diseases

In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.

The Research of Chinese Words Semantic Similarity Calculation with Multi-Information

Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity computing based on the meaning has been used more widely in the similarity computing of the words and phrase. Using the knowledge structure of the and its method of knowledge description, taking into account the other factor and weight that influenced similarity, making full use of depth and density of the Concept-Sememe tree, an improved method of Chinese word similarity calculation based on semantic distance was provided in this paper. Finally the effectiveness of this method was verified by the simulation results.

高管薪酬差距与研发投入

本文利用2007~2015年我国A股上市公司数据,研究高管团队薪酬差距对企业研发投入的影响。本文发现,CEO与其他高管的薪酬差距越大,企业研发投入越多。上述结果在控制内生性问题后仍然稳健,从而有力支撑了锦标赛理论。进一步研究发现,只有在股权集中度较低、公司成长性较高以及CEO为内部继任的样本中,高管团队薪酬差距才能有效激发企业投入研发。本文认为我国上市公司需要从长远发展角度考虑,构建更加有效的薪酬激励机制,以增强企业创新能力。

Distance Measurement Model Based on RSSI in WSN

The relationship between RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) values and distance is the foundation and the key of ranging and positioning technologies in wireless sensor networks. Log-normal shadowing model (LNSM), as a more general signal propagation model, can better describe the relationship between the RSSI value and distance, but the parameter of variance in LNSM is depended on experiences without self-adaptability. In this paper, it is found that the variance of RSSI value changes along with distance regu- larly by analyzing a large number of experimental data. Based on the result of analysis, we proposed the relationship function of the variance of RSSI and distance, and established the log-normal shadowing model with dynamic variance (LNSM-DV). At the same time, the method of least squares(LS) was selected to es- timate the coefficients in that model, thus LNSM-DV might be adjusted dynamically according to the change of environment and be self-adaptable. The experimental results show that LNSM-DV can further reduce er- ror, and have strong self-adaptability to various environments compared with the LNSM.

Immediate Nipple Reconstruct!on Following Breast Reduction

Necrosis of nipple-areola complex is one of the major complications of breast reduction in gigatomastia.Wie present a case study of a 32-year-old patient with severe gigantomastia,who required an immediate nipple reconstruction during breast reduction.The final reconstruction was satisfactory.No complications were observed within three months postoperatively.

Super-resolution imaging via sparsity constraint and sparse speckle illumination

We present an imaging approach via sparsity constraint and sparse speckle illumination which can dramatically en- hance the optical system＇s imaging resolution. When the object is illuminated by some sparse speckles and the sparse reconstruction algorithm is utilized to restore the blur image, numerical simulated results demonstrate that the image, whose resolution exceeds the Rayleigh limit, can be stably reconstructed even if the detection signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is less than 10 dB. Factors affecting the quality of the reconstructed image, such as the coded pattern＇s sparsity and the detection SNR, are also studied,

Managed Pressure Drilling Technology:A Research on the Formation Adaptability

Existing pressure drilling technologies are based on different principles and display distinct characteristics in terms of control pressure and degree of formation adaptability.In the present study,the constant-bottomhole-pressure(CBHP)and controlled-mud-level(CML)dual gradient drilling methods are considered.Models for the equivalent circulating density(ECD)are introduced for both drilling methods,taking into account the control pressure parameters(wellhead back pressure,displacement,mud level,etc.)and the relationship between the equivalent circulating density curve in the wellbore and two different types of pressure profiles in deep-water areas.The findings suggest that the main pressure control parameter for CBHP drilling is the wellhead back pressure,while for CML dual gradient drilling,it is the mud level.Two examples are considered(wells S1 and B2).For S1,CML dual gradient drilling only needs to adjust the ECD curve once to drill down to the target layer without risk.By comparison,CBHP drilling requires multiple adjustments to reach the target well depth avoiding a kick risk.In well B2,the CBHP method can drill down to the desired zone or even deeper after a single adjustment of the ECD curve.In contrast,CML dual-gradient drilling requires multiple adjustments to reach the target well depth(otherwise there is a risk of lost circulation).Therefore,CML dual-gradient drilling should be considered as a better choice for well S1,while CBHP drilling is more suitable for well B2.

Preliminary Study on Quality Analysis of Guangxi Zhuang Medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance

[Objectives]To establish a quality analysis method for Guangxi Zhuang medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance.[Methods]The moisture,total ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials were determined in accordance with the inspection method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015).[Results]The 10 batches of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials from different origins and different collection times in Guangxi all had the same plant morphology and medicinal properties.The moisture content was 5.69%-10.51%,the total ash content was 5.50%-8.61%,the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.42%-0.78%,and the extract was 15.28%-20.75%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials and the establishment of its quality standards.

国家审计改革与地方国有企业内部控制质量

省级以下地方审计机关人财物统一管理改革是解决审计系统双重领导制弊端的历史性变革,对于增强国家审计的治理效应具有重要的意义。本文从企业内部控制的视角检验此次审计改革能否在地方国有企业中发挥积极的治理效应。以2011~2018年A股省级以下地方国有上市公司为研究对象,采用双重差分法研究发现,国家审计改革能够显著提高地方国有企业的内部控制质量。进一步从政治环境和外部监督视角分析,研究表明国家审计改革有助于消解地方政府行政干预的不良后果,国家审计与注册会计师审计产生了互补效应。本文尝试性地从国有企业治理方面检验了审计改革的经济后果,并丰富了企业内部控制领域的研究。

Nickel-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Acylzincation of Styrenes with Organozincs and CO

Transition metal-catalyzed carbometallation of unsaturated hydrocarbons constitutes one of the most efficient synthetic methodologies for the construction of C—C bond.Recently,the incorporation of organometallic reagent with the CO gas as a nucleophilic acyl synthon could enable the acylmetallation reaction,which greatly increases the horizon of carbometallation chemistry.Herein,we report a nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent acylzincation of o-cyano cinnamate ester and o-cyano styrene,in which the cyano moiety intramolecularly captures zinc intermediates to trigger the tandem cyclization process.This protocol features mild conditions,broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance,thus affording a diverse array of highly functionalized carbocyclic compounds.

Synthesis of N-doped carbon quantumn dots as lubricant additive to enhance the tribological behavioor f MoS_(2)nanofluid

In this study,a novel lubricant additive nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot(N-CQD)nanoparticle was prepared by the solvothermal method.The synthesized spherical N-CQD nanoparticles in the diameter of about 10 nm had a graphene oxide(GO)-like structure with various oxygen(O)-and nitrogen(N)-containing functional groups.Then N-CQDs were added to MoS_(2)nanofluid,and the tribological properties for steel/steel friction pairs were evaluated using a pin-on-disk tribometer.Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations for the friction system with MoS_(2)or MoS_(2)+N-CQD nanoparticles were also conducted.The results showed that friction processes with MoS_(2)+N-CQD nanofluids were under the mixed lubrication regime.And MoS_(2)nanofluid containing 0.4 wt%N-CQDs could achieve 30.4%and 31.0%reduction in the friction coefficient and wear rate,respectively,compared to those without N-CQDs.By analyzing the worn surface topography and chemical compositions,the excellent lubrication performance resulted from the formation of tribochemistry-induced tribofilm.The average thickness of tribofilm was about 13.9 nm,and it was composed of amorphous substances,ultrafine crystalline nanoparticles,and self-lubricating FeSO_(4)/Fe2(SO_(4))_(3).NEMD simulation results indicated the interaction between S atoms in MoS_(2)as well as these O-and N-containing functional groups in N-CQDs with steel surfaces enhanced the stability and strength of tribofilm.Thereby the metal surface was further protected from friction and wear.

The emerging role of snoRNAs in human disease

Small nucleolar RNAs(snoRNAs)play critical roles in various biological processes.The aberrant expression or depletion of snoRNAs is related to various diseases.In previous research,most of the snoRNAs were categorized as C/D box snoRNAs and H/ACA box snoRNAs,whose typical functions were thought of as regulation of 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosome RNAs,respectively.However,in the past two decades,studies have revealed an increasing number of snoRNAs without specific targets or determined cell functions.These findings indicated that some potential roles of snoRNAs are still unknown.Numerous studies have indicated the correlation of snoRNAs with human diseases.SnoRNAs play various roles in abundant biological processes,and they have great potential in controlling human diseases.This new and rising field could benefit from investigations of the disease pathogenesis,biomarker identification,and the determination of novel therapeutic targets.This review summarized the reports on snoRNAs and the regulation of different diseases in recent years.

Comparative study on the inhibiting mechanism of inhibitor with primary amine groups and quaternary ammonium groups for sodium bentonite

Shale hydration and swelling is the main obstacle to the development of shale gas utilizing water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs).In this work,the inhibition mechanism of alkylammonium inhibitor and alkylamine inhibitor adsorbed on sodium bentonite(Na+Bent)are investigated using infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),zeta potential,particle size distribution tests,and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA).The results suggest that HTB and HMD can be inserted into the interlamination of Na+Bent and minimize the basal spacing compared to hydrated Na+Bent.HTB and HMD are inserted between the Na+Bent layers in a single-layer tiled manner and replace the sodium ions that are firmly fixed between the layers.Eventually,water molecules are removed from the interlayer Na+Bent.The interaction between the quaternary ammonium group and Na+Bent is more significant than between the primary amine group and Na+Bent.The inhibition performance suggests that HTB inhibits Na+Bent hydration and swelling more substantially than other inhibitors,indicating that the inhibition performance of the two quaternary ammonium groups is greater than that of the two primary amine groups.Therefore,HTB can be used as intercalation inhibition in WBDFs and has tremendous application value.

中国药剂师干预减少骨科不合理用药的现状

随着药学服务的需求不断增长,医药保健的作用开始受到重视。在中国,临床药学的培养和实践工作仍处于探索阶段。本综述旨在讨论药剂师主导的干预措施对减少骨科不适当药物使用的影响。结果显示临床药师可以协助骨科医生和护士在抗生素治疗、疼痛控制和抗凝治疗的各个环节合理使用药物。药师的临床干预措施大大减少用药错误和医疗费用,但仍需长时间发展药学服务,提高药师的专业素质和制定中国药师法。

Performance analysis of ghost imaging lidar in background light environment

The effect of background light on the imaging quality of three typical ghost imaging(GI) lidar systems(namely narrow pulsed GI lidar, heterodyne GI lidar, and pulse-compression GI lidar via coherent detection) is investigated. By computing the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of fluctuation-correlation GI, our analytical results, which are backed up by numerical simulations, demonstrate that pulse-compression GI lidar via coherent detection has the strongest capacity against background light, whereas the reconstruction quality of narrow pulsed GI lidar is the most vulnerable to background light. The relationship between the peak SNR of the reconstruction image andσ(namely, the signal power to background power ratio) for the three GI lidar systems is also presented, and theresults accord with the curve of SNR-σ.

Far-field super-resolution ghost imaging with a deep neural network constraint

Ghost imaging(GI)facilitates image acquisition under low-light conditions by single-pixel measurements and thus has great potential in applications in various fields ranging from biomedical imaging to remote sensing.However,GI usually requires a large amount of single-pixel samplings in order to reconstruct a high-resolution image,imposing a practical limit for its applications.Here we propose a far-field super-resolution GI technique that incorporates the physical model for GI image formation into a deep neural network.The resulting hybrid neural network does not need to pre-train on any dataset,and allows the reconstruction of a far-field image with the resolution beyond the diffraction limit.Furthermore,the physical model imposes a constraint to the network output,making it effectively interpretable.We experimentally demonstrate the proposed GI technique by imaging a flying drone,and show that it outperforms some other widespread GI techniques in terms of both spatial resolution and sampling ratio.We believe that this study provides a new framework for GI,and paves a way for its practical applications.

Single-pixel imaging using physics enhanced deep learning

Single-pixel imaging(SPI) is a typical computational imaging modality that allows two-and three-dimensional image reconstruction from a one-dimensional bucket signal acquired under structured illumination.It is in particular of interest for imaging under low light conditions and in spectral regions where good cameras are unavailable.However,the resolution of the reconstructed image in SPI is strongly dependent on the number of measurements in the temporal domain.Data-driven deep learning has been proposed for high-quality image reconstruction from a undersampled bucket signal.But the generalization issue prohibits its practical application.Here we propose a physics-enhanced deep learning approach for SPI.By blending a physics-informed layer and a model-driven fine-tuning process,we show that the proposed approach is generalizable for image reconstruction.We implement the proposed method in an in-house SPI system and an outdoor single-pixel LiDAR system,and demonstrate that it outperforms some other widespread SPI algorithms in terms of both robustness and fidelity.The proposed method establishes a bridge between data-driven and model-driven algorithms,allowing one to impose both data and physics priors for inverse problem solvers in computational imaging,ranging from remote sensing to microscopy.

Scalar-matrix-structured ghost imaging

The features of the characteristic matrix used in linear intensity correlation reconstruction methods are directly related to the quality of ghost imaging. In order to suppress the noise caused by the off-diagonal elements in the characteristic matrix, we propose a reconstruction method for ghost imaging called scalar-matrix-structured ghost imaging(SMGI). The characteristic matrix is made to approximate a scalar matrix by modifying the measurement matrix. Experimental results show that SMGI improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the object reconstruction significantly compared with differential ghost imaging, even in the case of a nonzero two-arm longitudinal difference, which is a promising result for practical applications.

Dynamic simulation of a space gas-cooled reactor power system with a closed Brayton cycle

Space nuclear reactor power(SNRP)using a gas-cooled reactor(GCR)and a closed Brayton cycle(CBC)is the ideal choice for future high-power space missions.To investigate the safety characteristics and develop the control strategies for gas-cooled SNRP,transient models for GCR,energy conversion unit,pipes,heat exchangers,pump and heat pipe radiator are established and a system analysis code is developed in this paper.Then,analyses of several operation conditions are performed using this code.In full-power steady-state operation,the core hot spot of 1293 K occurs near the upper part of the core.If 0.4$reactivity is introduced into the core,the maximum temperature that the fuel can reach is 2059 K,which is 914 K lower than the fuel melting point.The system finally has the ability to achieve a new steady-state with a higher reactor power.When the GCR is shut down in an emergency,the residual heat of the reactor can be removed through the conduction of the core and radiation heat transfer.The results indicate that the designed GCR is inherently safe owing to its negative reactivity feedback and passive decay heat removal.This paper may provide valuable references for safety design and analysis of the gas-cooled SNRP coupled with CBC.

Color ghost imaging via sparsity constraint and non-local self-similarity

We propose a color ghost imaging approach where the object is illuminated by three-color non-orthogonal random patterns. The object’s reflection/transmission information is received by only one single-pixel detector, and both the sparsity constraint and non-local self-similarity of the object are utilized in the image reconstruction process. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the imaging quality can be obviously enhanced by ghost imaging via sparsity constraint and nonlocal self-similarity(GISCNL), compared with the reconstruction methods where only the object’s sparsity is used. Factors affecting the quality of GISCNL, such as the measurement number and the detection signal-to-noise ratio, are also studied.