Creation of cylindrical vector beams through highly anisotropic scattering media with a single scalar transmission matrix calibration

Cylindrical vector(CV)beams have attracted increasing interest due to their particular properties and their applications in optical imaging,optical manipulation,and light-matter interactions.However,it is challenging to construct CV beams through highly anisotropic scattering media(HASM),such as thick biological tissue,posing a barrier to the applications of CV beams that involve HASM.Here,we present a scheme to construct CV beams beyond high scattering that only requires a single scalar transmission matrix(TM)calibration and manipulation of the spatial degrees of freedom of the scalar input field.Assisted by a radial polarization converter(S-waveplate)and a polarizer,the scheme enables one to obtain the correct incident wavefront for the creation of CV beams through HASM with only one single scalar TM calibration.Compared to the existing method,this user-friendly approach is fast and simple in terms of the optical implements and computations.Both radially and azimuthally polarized beams are experimentally constructed through a Zn O scattering layer to demonstrate the viability of the method.Arbitrarily generalized CV beams and arrays of CV beams are also created through the HASM to further prove the flexibility of the method.We believe this work may pave the way for applications of CV beams that involve a highly anisotropic scattering environment.

Edge enhancement of phase objects through complex media by using transmission-matrixbased spiral phase contrast imaging

The wavefront shaping based technique has been introduced to detect the edges of amplitude objects through complex media,but the extraction of the boundary information of invisible phase objects through complex media has not been demonstrated yet.Here,we present a phase contrast imaging technique to overcome the scattering,aiming to achieve the edge detection of the phase object through the complex media.An operator based on the experimentally measured transmission matrix is obtained by numerically adding a spiral phase in the Fourier domain.With the inverse of the filtered transmission matrix,we can directly reconstruct the edge enhanced images for both amplitude object and phase object beyond scattering.Experimentally,both digital and real objects are imaged,and the results verify that isotropic edge detection can be achieved with our technique.Our work could benefit the detection of invisible phase objects through complex media.