抗VEGF联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:探讨抗VEGF联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效。方法:选取2017-01/2019-06就诊于沈阳市第四人民医院并入院治疗的符合研究条件的新生血管性青光眼患者42例43眼。患者入组后行血常规、尿常规、心电图、视力、眼压、眼前节照相,根据屈光间质状态完善眼底检查。根据入院眼压情况予全身及局部联合降眼压治疗,术前抗生素滴眼。入院第3d患者术眼行抗VEGF治疗,根据患者自主选择予玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗或康柏西普,分为雷珠单抗组和康柏西普组;注药72h后行复合式小梁切除术(结膜下及巩膜瓣局部应用氟尿嘧啶浸润+可调节缝线+房角分离)。术后随访6mo(1d,1、2wk,1、2、3、6mo),比较两组新生血管消退情况、视力、眼压。结果:康柏西普眼内注射液和雷珠单抗眼内注射液均可有效消退虹膜新生血管,治疗新生血管性青光眼疗效无差别。术后1d,1、2wk,1、2、3、6mo大部分患者眼压均明显下降,部分患者视力提高。结论:抗VEGF联合复合式小梁切除术可有效控制新生血管性青光眼眼压,部分患者可提高视力,提升患者生活质量。

Three-Dimensional Collapse Analysis for a Shallow Cavity in Layered Strata Based on Upper Bound Theorem

Layered rock strata are observed to be common during the excavation of tunnels or cavities,and may significantly affect the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock masses due to various complex forms and mechanical properties.In this paper,we propose a three-dimensional axisymmetric velocity field for roof collapse of shallow cavities in multi rock layers,by considering the influences of roof cross-section shapes,supporting pressure,ground overload,etc.The internal energy dissipation rate and work rates of external forces corresponding to the velocity field are computed by employing the Hoek-Brown strength criterion and its associated flow rule.Further,the equations of the collapse surfaces and the corresponding weight of collapsing rock masses are derived on the basis of upper bound theorem.Furthermore,we validate the proposed method by comparing the results of numerical calculations and existing research findings.The change laws of the collapse range under varying parameters are obtained for the presence of rectangular and spherical cavities.We also find that the three-dimensional mechanism is relatively safer for engineering designing actually,compared with the traditional two-dimensional mechanism.All these conclusions may provide workable guidelines for the support design of shallow cavities in layered rock strata practically.

凝结相中功能性碳材料和碳纳米复合物催化转化生物质制备可再生化学品(英文)

The production of chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass provides opportunities to synthesize chemicals with new functionalities and grow a more sustainable chemical industry. However, new challenges emerge as research transitions from petrochemistry to biorenewable chemistry. Compared to petrochemisty, the selective conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates requires most catalytic reactions to take place at low temperatures (< 300 °C) and in the condensed phase to prevent reactants and products from degrading. The stability of heterogeneous catalysts in liquid water above the normal boiling point represents one of the major challenges to overcome. Herein, we review some of the latest advances in the field with an emphasis on the role of carbon materials and carbon nanohybrids in addressing this challenge.

Simultaneous dual-region two-photon imaging of biological dynamics spanning over 9 mm in vivo

Biodynamical processes,especially in system biology,that occur far apart in space may be highly correlated.To study such biodynamics,simultaneous imaging over a large span at high spatio-temporal resolutions is highly desired.For example,large-scale recording of neural network activities over various brain regions is indispensable in neuroscience.However,limited by the field-of-view(FoV)of conventional microscopes,simultaneous recording of laterally distant regions at high spatio-temporal resolutions is highly challenging.Here,we propose to extend the distance of simultaneous recording regions with a custom micro-mirror unit,taking advantage of the long working distance of the objective and spatio-temporal multiplexing.We demonstrate simultaneous dual-region two-photon imaging,spanning as large as 9 mm,which is 4 times larger than the nominal FoV of the objective.We verify the system performance in in vivo imaging of neural activities and vascular dilations,simultaneously,at two regions in mouse brains as well as in spinal cords,respectively.The adoption of our proposed scheme will promote the study of systematic biology,such as system neuroscience and system immunology.

Antithymocyte globulin/antilymphocyte globulin plus kidney-nourishing Chinese Medicinal:effect on severe aplastic anemia

OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of antithymocyte globulin （ATG）/antilymphocyte globulin （ALG） plus kidney-nourishing Chinese medicinal （KNCM） on se- vere aplastic anemia （SAA）. METHODS： Twenty-five subjects of severe aplastic anemia were treated with ATG/ALD plus KNCM be- tween 1992 and 2009, and the clinical data before and after treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS： Of the 25 patients, 9 were nearly cured, 6 were improved, 5 were in remission, and 5 failed. The overall effective rate was 80.0%. The 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, 15-year survival rate were respec- tively 98.6%, 97.3%, 97.3%, 67.5%, and median sur- vival time was 180 months. Compared to the condi- tions before administering the medication of ATG/ ALG plus KNCM, after 2 weeks, reticulocyte was first improved （P=0.001）, one month later, followed by palette （P=0.037）, two months later, by neutrophil cell in peripheral blood （P=0.001）; three months lat- er, then by the hemoglobin （P=0.012）. By conduct- ing 1-year follow-up, 1 case of complication--parox-ysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria （PNH） was identi- fied and the patient still alive today. CONCLUSION： ATG/ALG fect on SAA and could rate. plus KNCM had better ef- improve patients＇ survival

Revealing the low thermal conductivity of high-entropy rare-earth tantalates via multi-scale defect analysis

Thermal barrier coating(TBC)materials can improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce fossil fuel use.Herein,novel rare earth tantalates RETaO_(4),as promising candidates for TBCs,were reassembled into multi-component solid solutions with a monoclinic structure to further depress thermal conductivity via an entropy strategy.The formation mechanisms of oxygen vacancy defects,dislocations,and ferroelastic domains associated with the thermal conductivity are demonstrated by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy.Compared to single-RE RETaO_(4)and 8YSZ,the intrinsic thermal conductivity of(5RE1/5)TaO4 was decreased by 35%–47%and 57%–69%at 1200℃,respectively,which is likely attributed to multi-scale phonon scattering from Umklapp phonon–phonon,point defects,domain structures,and dislocations.r¯3+RE/r5+Ta and low-temperature thermal conductivity are negatively correlated,as are the ratio of elastic modulus to thermal conductivity(E/κ)and high-temperature thermal conductivity.Meanwhile,the high defects’concentration and lattice distortion in high-entropy ceramics enhance the scattering of transverse-wave phonons and reduce the transverse-wave sound velocity,leading to a decrease in the thermal conductivity and Young’s modulus.In addition,5HEC-1 has ultra-low thermal conductivity,moderate thermal expansion coefficients,and high hardness among three five-component high-entropy samples.Thus,5HEC-1 with superior thermal barrier and mechanical properties can be used as promising thermal insulating materials.

真性小眼球并发青光眼手术治疗1例

患者,男,62岁,汉族,因左眼视力下降1年,眼胀痛半年于2019年1月至沈阳市第四人民医院眼科就诊,患者否认家族遗传病史。全身检查未见异常,眼部检查:右眼:0.15(+8.00 DS/+0.75 DC×84=0.2),左眼:FC/20 cm(+8.00 DS/+0.50 DC×11=0.05)。眼压:右眼23.1 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),左眼56.2 mmHg。

可自动校准距离的智能手机视力测试APP(WHOeyes)的真实世界应用

目的:开发一款可自动校准测试距离的智能手机视力检测APP(WHOeye的iOS版本),并评估其实用性。方法:WHOeyes在经过验证的视力检测APP“V@home”的基础上新增自动距离校准(automatic distance calibration,ADC)功能。研究招募了3组不同年龄(≤20岁、20~40岁、>40岁)的中国受试者,分别使用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究(Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study,ETDRS)视力表和WHOeyes进行远距离和近距离的视力检测。ADC功能用于确定WHOeyes的测试距离。红外测距仪用于确定ETDRS的测试距离以及WHOeyes的实际测试距离。通过问卷调查评估用户满意度。结果:WHOeyes ADC确定的实际测试距离在3个年龄组中均与预期测试距离总体上表现出良好的一致性(P>0.50)。在远距离和近距离视力检测方面,WHOeyes的准确性与ETDRS相当。WHOeyes与ETDRS之间的平均视力差异范围为–0.084~0.012 logMAR,各组的二次加权卡帕系数(quadratic weighted kappa,QWK)均大于0.75。WHOeyes在近距离和远距离视力检测中的重测信度高,平均差异范围为–0.040~0.004 logMAR,QWK均大于0.85。问卷调查显示WHOeyes具有较好的用户体验和接受度。结论:与金标准ETDRS视力表方法相比,WHOeyes测试距离较为准确,可以提供准确的远距离和近距离视力测量结果。

沈阳市眼健康筛查人群眼压分布

目的: 分析沈阳地区30岁及以上眼健康筛查人群眼压的分布特征。方法: 横断面调查研究。收集2016年3-9月在沈阳市第四人民医院健康体检中心预约进行体检的30岁及以上的本地城市居民,按登记的居住地所属辖区分布,进行分层随机抽样。所有被纳入者在全身健康体检时增加生活视力、眼压和免散瞳眼底照相检查。眼压测量采用非接触眼压计,测量3次取平均值。眼压>21 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)且不伴有眼底异常者定义为可疑高眼压征。眼底照相存在2项及以上青光眼性视神经改变者定义为可疑青光眼。采用t检验和方差分析比较不同性别和年龄人群眼压分布的差异。结果: 共纳入15 303例,最终12 374例被检者的数据用于结果分析,包括11 296例(91.3%)眼部健康者、801例(6.5%)可疑高眼压征和277例(2.2%)可疑青光眼。健康组被检者年龄为(50±13)岁,双眼平均眼压为(16.2±2.2)mmHg,左眼眼压(16.3±2.3)mmHg,高于右眼的(16.0±2.3)mmHg(t=-19.813,P<0.001);女性眼压为(16.1±2.3)mmHg,高于男性的(15.9±2.3)mmHg(t=-3.264,P=0.001);眼压随年龄增加呈下降趋势(F=29.729,P<0.001)。可疑高眼压征人群年龄为(49±13)岁,右眼眼压为(21.7±2.3)mmHg,性别及年龄对眼压分布无显著影响。可疑青光眼人群年龄为(56±13)岁,右眼眼压为(18.0±4.0)mmHg,显著高于健康组的眼压,且低于可疑高眼压征(F=2300,P<0.001)。可疑青光眼人群中单眼或双眼眼压>21 mmHg者仅为16.6%,不同性别和年龄在个体间的眼压水平差异无统计学意义。结论: 沈阳地区成年健康人群的眼压随年龄增加而降低,女性眼压高于男性。单纯眼压测量在青光眼筛查中的诊断价值有限,建议联合眼底照相,以提高特异性和准确性。

CFD analysis of a transfer matrix of exhaust muffler with mean flow and prediction of exhaust noise

A multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) approach was proposed in this study aiming to calculate the transfer matrix of an engine exhaust muffler in the conditions with and without mean flow.The CFD model of the muffler with absorptive material defined as porous zone was calibrated with the measured noise reduction without mean flow,and was further employed to study the effect of the mean flow on the acoustic performance of the muffler.Furthermore,the exhaust acoustical source was derived from the calculated transfer matrices of six different additional acoustic loads obtained by the proposed CFD approach as well as the measured tail noise based on a multiload least squares method.Finally,the exhaust noise was predicted based on Thevenin's theorem.The proposed CFD approach was suggested to be able to predict the acoustic performance of a complex muffler considering mean flow(without and with mean flow) and heat transfer,and provide reasonable results of the exhaust noise.

Enhanced collection of scattered photons in nonlinear fluorescence microscopy by extended epi-detection with a silicon photomultiplier array

To maximize signal collection in nonlinear optical microscopy,non-descanned epi-detection is generally adopted for in vivo imaging.However,because of severe scattering in biological samples,most of the emitted fluorescence photons go beyond the collection angles of objectives and thus cannot be detected.Here,we propose an extended detection scheme to enhance the collection of scattered photons in nonlinear fluorescence microscopy using a silicon photomultiplier array ahead of the front apertures of objectives.We perform numerical simulations to demonstrate the enhanced fluorescence collection via extended epi-detection in the multi-photon fluorescence imaging of human skin and mouse brain through craniotomy windows and intact skulls.For example,with red fluorescence emission at a depth of 600μm in human skin,the increased collection can be as much as about 150%with a 10×,0.6-NA objective.We show that extended epi-detection is a generally applicable,feasible technique for use in nonlinear fluorescence microscopy to enhance signal detection.

Recognizing local artifacts in two-photon imaging of dendrites beneath blood vessels in vivo

Localized wavefront aberrations would introduce artifacts in biomedical imaging,which,however,are often neglected,as their compensations are at the cost of the field-of-view.Here,we show rarely reported local artifacts in two-photon imaging of dendrites beneath blood vessels in a mouse brain in vivo and interpret the phenomena via numerical simulations.The artifacts of divided parallel structures are found to be induced by coma and astigmatism,resulting from sample tilting and the cylinder shape of vasculatures,respectively.Different from that in single-photon microscopy,such artifacts in nonlinear microscopy show unique characteristics and should be recognized for proper interpretation of the images.

Effect of Ni-P content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-P alloy

A series of Fe-Ni-P alloys with different Ni-P contents were prepared by micro-press sintering,and the influence of the contents on the final microstructure and mechanical properties was evaluated.Sample Fe-34(Ni,P)contains the highest Ni-P content(34.18 wt.%)and its relative density reaches 98.75%,which is attributed to the introduction of an appropriate amount of liquid phase during the sintering process.The main phase of the sample is transformed from a to c phase under the gradual increment of Ni-P content.Simultaneously,a large number of phosphides that have strong inhibition on the migration and expansion of grain boundaries are precipitated on the matrix,and synergistic effect with low-temperature sintering results in partial grain refinement.The samples with high Ni-P content have a high volume of c phase,which makes the sample show the optimal plasticity under the maximum compressive load.And the fracture mode has also changed from brittle fracture to a mixed mode of brittle and ductile fracture.The decrease in the proportion of a phase has a weakening effect on the strength,but the refinement of the grain and the increase in the phosphide are the factors that increase the strength,so that the degree of manifestation varies in different Ni-P levels.

A silicon-graphene-silicon transistor with an improved current gain

In history,semiconductor-metal-semiconductor transistor(SMST)was proposed for frequency improvement.However,a general fabrication method is still missing due to the unsolved technological problem of deposition of a general crystalline semiconductor on metal,and a thinner metal base is also difficult to be fabricated with high quality.Recently,due to the atomic thickness of graphene,the concept of semiconductor-graphene-semiconductor transistor(SGST)has emerged which leads to the renaissance of SMST,however the experimental study is in its infancy.In this letter,SMST and SGST are fabricated using Si membrane transfer.It is found the common base current gain can be improved from about 0.5%in a Si-Au-Si transistor to about 1%in a Si-Gr-Ge one,and to above 10%in a Si-Gr-Si one,which is attributed to both the ultra-thin thickness and the quantum capacitance effect of graphene.

High-axial-resolution optical stimulation of neurons in vivo via two-photon optogenetics with speckle-free beaded-ring patterns

Two-photon optogenetics has become an indispensable technology in neuroscience,due to its capability in precise and specific manipulation of neural activities.A scanless holographic approach is generally adopted to meet the requirement of stimulating neural ensembles simultaneously.However,the commonly used disk patterns fail in achieving single-neuron resolution,especially in axial dimension,and their inherent speckles decrease stimulation efficiency.Here,we propose a novel speckle-free,beaded-ring pattern for high-axial-resolution optical stimulation of neurons in vivo.Using a dye pool and a fluorescent thin film as samples,we verify that,compared to those with disk patterns,higher axial resolution and better localization ability can be achieved with beaded-ring patterns.Furthermore,we perform two-photon based all-optical physiology with neurons in mouse S1 cortex in vivo,and demonstrate that the axial resolution obtained by beaded-ring patterns can be improved by 24%when stimulating multiple neurons,compared to that of disk patterns.