20.231 Gbit/s tricolor red/green/blue laser diode based bidirectional signal remodulation visible-light communication system

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a recorded 1-m bidirectional 20.231-Gbit/s tricolor R/G/B laser diode(LD) based visible-light communication(VLC) system supporting signal remodulation. In the signal remodulation system, an LD source is not needed at the client side. The client reuses the downstream signal sent from the central office(CO) and remodulates it to produce the upstream signal. As the LD sources are located at the CO, the laser wavelength and temperature managements at the cost-sensitive client side are not needed.This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a >20 Gbit∕s data rate tricolor R/G/B VLC signal transmission supporting upstream remodulation.

Integration of multiscale entropy and BASED scale of electroencephalography after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy predict relapse of infantile spasms

Background Even though adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)demonstrated powerful efficacy in the initially successful treatment of infantile spasms(IS),nearly half of patients have experienced a relapse.We sought to investigate whether features of electroencephalogram(EEG)predict relapse in those IS patients without structural brain abnormalities.Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from children with IS who achieved initial response after ACTH treatment,along with EEG recorded within the last two days of treatment.The recurrence of epileptic spasms following treatment was tracked for 12 months.Subjects were categorized as either non-relapse or relapse groups.General clinical and EEG recordings were collected,burden of amplitudes and epileptiform discharges(BASED)score and multiscale entropy(MSE)were carefully explored for cross-group comparisons.Results Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study,of which 26(63.4%)experienced a relapse.The BASED score was significantly higher in the relapse group.MSE in the non-relapse group was significantly lower than the relapse group in theγband but higher in the lower frequency range(δ,θ,α).Sensitivity and specificity were 85.71%and 92.31%,respectively,when combining MSE in theδ/γfrequency of the occipital region,plus BASED score were used to distinguish relapse from non-relapse groups.Conclusions BASED score and MSE of EEG after ACTH treatment could be used to predict relapse for IS patients without brain structural abnormalities.Patients with BASED score≥3,MSE increased in higher frequency,and decreased in lower frequency had a high risk of relapse.

Dynamic Gain-Clamped Amplifier with Backward-Injection of a Fabry-Perot Laser

We have been experimentally demonstrated an active control technique of dynamic gain-clamped spectra for theerbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) by a backward-injected Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser into this EDFA. In addition, employing a short length erbium-doped fiber (EDF) that not cause any gain saturation for preamplification in front of this amplifier module, it can reduce the noise figure degradation and simultaneously achieve gain variation from 11.1 dB to 0.5 dB for 10 dB input power level change.