Application of engineered compressible inclusions to mitigating soilstructure interaction issues in integral bridge abutments

The thermally induced cyclic loading on integral bridge abutments causes soil deformation and lateral stress ratcheting behind the abutment wall due to the expansion and contraction of the bridge deck.The forward and backward movements of the abutment in response to the expansion/contraction of the bridge deck lead to the formation of settlement trough and surface heaving,frequently creating a bump at the bridge approach and increasing the lateral earth pressure behind the abutment.Measures to reduce the bump at the bridge approach,including several treatment methods,such as compaction of selected backfill materials,grout injection,installation of approach slab,and using a layer of compressible inclusion material behind the abutment were proposed.However,these guidelines still lack sufficient design details and there are limited experimental findings to validate design assumptions.In this paper,the use of engineered compressible materials to alleviate the lateral earth pressure ratcheting and settlement at the bridge approach is investigated.The comparative study is presented for the soil-inclusion,material-structure and soil-structure interactions for an integral bridge under three different backfill conditions,i.e.(a)sand,(b)sand and EPS geofoam,and(c)sand and Infinergy®.The study was conducted in a special large-scale test chamber with a semi-scale abutment to gain better insights into the soil-structure interaction(SSI).The kinematics and rearrangement of the soil during the cyclic loading have been investigated to identify the mitigating effects of compressible inclusions.The comparative study indicates that both compressible inclusions perform comparatively well,however,Infinergy®is a better alternative than the medium-density EPS geofoam,as it works more effectively to reduce the backfill settlement and heaving as well as soil ratcheting effects under cyclic translational movement.

考虑挤土效应和应力扩散效应时楔形桩的扭转动力响应

同时考虑桩侧土挤土效应及桩端土应力扩散效应,研究了楔形桩的扭转振动特性。采用复刚度传模型和锥形虚土桩模型分别模拟桩侧土的挤土效和桩端土的应力扩散。通过Laplace变换技术和阻抗传递法求解出楔形桩顶部的扭转复阻抗解析解。采用参数分析法分析了本文解的合理性和桩-土性质对成层土中楔形桩扭转动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:桩侧土体的挤土效应及桩端土的应力扩散效应均对楔形桩的扭转振动特性均有明显影响,因此,在桩基动力设计中应考虑以上两种因素的影响。

Longitudinal dynamic response of pile in layered soil based on virtual soil pile model

Taking the effect of finite soil layers below pile end into account,the longitudinal dynamic response of pile undergoing dynamic loading in layered soil was theoretically investigated.Firstly,finite soil layers below pile end are modeled as virtual soil pile whose cross-section area is the same as that of the pile and the soil layers surrounding the pile are described by the plane strain model.Then,by virtue of Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method,the analytical solution of longitudinal dynamic response at the pile head in frequency domain is yielded.Also,the semi-analytical solution in time domain undergoing half-cycle sine pulse at the pile head is obtained by means of inverse Laplace transform.Based on these solutions,a parametric study is conducted to analyze emphatically the effects of parameters of soil below pile end on velocity admittance and reflected wave signals at the pile head.Additionally,a comparison with other models with different supporting conditions from soil below pile end is performed to verify the model presented.

A new approach for time effect analysis of settlement for single pile based on virtual soil-pile model

A new approach is proposed to analyze the settlement behavior for single pile embedded in layered soils.Firstly,soil layers surrounding pile shaft are simulated by using distributed Voigt model,and finite soil layers under the pile end are assumed to be virtual soil-pile whose cross-section area is the same as that of the pile shaft.Then,by means of Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method to solve the static equilibrium equation of pile,the analytical solution of the displacement impedance function at the pile head is derived.Furthermore,the analytical solution of the settlement at the head of single pile is theoretically derived by virtue of convolution theorem.Based on these solutions,the influences of parameters of soil-pile system on the settlement behavior for single pile are analyzed.Also,comparison of the load-settlement response for two well-instrumented field tests in multilayered soils is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach.It can be noted that the presented solution can be used to calculate the settlement of single pile for the preliminary design of pile foundation.

基于Rayleigh-Love杆理论的非均质土中大直径桩纵向振动（英文）

目的：研究大直径桩横向惯性效应对其动力响应的影响以及与土体径向非均质性的关系。创新点：1.采用Rayleigh-Love杆模型模拟大直径桩,考虑其横向惯性效应;2.所建立的桩土相互作用模型能同时考虑土体的竖向成层性和径向非均质性。方法：1.采用Rayleigh-Love杆模型模拟大直径桩,建立桩土体系纵向振动控制方程（公式（1）和（4））;2.通过求解方程,得到桩顶纵向振动频域响应解析解（公式（15））和时域响应半解析解（公式（16））;3.通过参数分析的方法,研究横向惯性效应对桩顶响应的影响以及与桩身参数和桩周土径向非均质性的关系（图2～9）;4.通过与工程实例的对比,证明本文解的合理性（图11）。结论：1.考虑横向惯性效应时,桩底反射信号后移,导致桩的计算长度大于其实际值;2.横向惯性效应的影响程度随着桩身半径、泊松比、桩周土软化范围和软化程度的增大而增强,随着桩身混凝土强度等级、桩周土硬化范围和硬化程度的增大而减弱;3.考虑横向惯性效应时的计算曲线与实测曲线更为吻合。