短程硝化–厌氧氨氧化在实际垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的启动运行研究

针对新型脱氮工艺短程硝化‒厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)过程中亚硝氮难以稳定生成的难题,设计水解酸化+UASB+好氧氧化的处理工艺,应用于实际垃圾渗滤液处理工程。结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度为610~1900 mg/L,C/N比为1.8~3.5时,在进水量为100 m3/d,回流比为2:1,pH值为7.5~8.0,DO为2.0 mg/L的调试条件下,O池发生短程硝化,积累200 mg/L的亚硝氮,积累率最高达78%。微生物DNA检测发现,O池中AOB物种丰度是NOB的10倍以上。水解酸化池中存在COD、氨氮和总氮同时去除的现象,COD去除量不能满足全部总氮反硝化,剩余的总氮通过厌氧氨氧化过程去除,通过ANAMMOX反应去除的总氮占水解酸化池总氮去除量的35%~67%。在实际垃圾渗滤液处理工程中,通过控制进水量、回流比、pH和溶解氧等条件,成功地启动短程硝化‒厌氧氨氧化工艺。

分体式流化床催化臭氧-絮凝工艺深度处理焦化废水生化尾水

采用催化臭氧-絮凝联用工艺处理焦化废水生化尾水,寻求最优处理效果,探究废水中溶解性有机污染物的特征和降解过程。通过自主设计的分体式流化床催化臭氧装置对废水进行处理,结果表明,在30%体积比的催化剂投加量、3L/min的臭氧流量以及700mg/L的絮凝剂投加量这一最佳反应条件下,焦化废水生化尾水的COD去除率为83.7%,TOC去除率为72.3%。紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,焦化废水生化尾水中普遍存在的芳香族化合物、腐殖酸类物质、可溶性微生物的代谢产物和富里酸类物质在催化臭氧化阶段被部分降解,最终在絮凝阶段实现残留污染物和惰性中间产物的去除。

共价键型絮凝剂去除有机磷的定量构效关系

选用新型絮凝剂CBHyC对7种有机磷模拟废水进行絮凝处理,并对其去除率与有机磷结构参数进行相关性分析。发现CBHyC对有机磷的去除率与分子轨道最高占有能(E_(LUMO))、分子结构总能量(TE)、磷原子电荷(Q_P)、结构体系内氢原子电荷最大值(Q_H^+)和碳原子电荷最大值(Q_C^-)这5个有机磷分子结构参数的相关性显著。Q_p和Q_H^+的数值越大,或者Q_C^-的数值越小,CBHyC对有机磷的去除率越高;E_(LUMO)越大,有机磷得电子能力越强,去除率越高;TE越大,有机磷越难以反应,去除率越低。该研究结果可为絮凝去除率与有机磷结构的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型的构建、絮凝条件的优化和结果预测等方面提供有效的数据支撑。

Purification and characterization of Al_(13) species in coagulant polyaluminum chloride

Nano-Al13 was separated and purified by four methods to investigate its characteristic, and was analyzed by Al-Ferron timed complexation spectrophotometer, ^27Al-NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Coagulation efficiency of nano-Al13, polyaluminum chloride （PAC）, and AlCl3 in synthetic water were also investigated by jar test. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with nano-Al13, PAC, and AlCl3 were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency of gel column chromatography method was the highest for separating PAC solution with low Al concentration. Ethanol and acetone method was simple and could separated PAC solution with different Al concentrations, while silicon alkylation white block column chromatography method could separate PAC solution only with low Al concentration. The SO4^2-/Ba^2＋ displacement method could separate PAC solution with high Al concentration, but extra inorganic cation and anion could be introduced into the solution during the separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that nano- Al13 with a high positive-charged species was the main species of electric neutralization in coagulation process, and it could reduce the turbidity and increase the effective particles collision rate efficiently in coagulation process. Its coagulation speed and the particle size of coagulant formed were of greatest value in this study.

平板式电化学过滤器构建及对甲基橙去除机制研究

构建了一种“一锅式”平板式电化学过滤器。同时,从电压、流速、电解质、pH多角度优化其甲基橙降解效率,并对其降解机制、稳定性和普适性进行探究。实验结果表明,在电压3 V,电解质浓度10 mmol·L^(-1),流速1.5 mL·min^(-1),pH(4~10)的条件下,甲基橙去除率达95%。淬灭实验表明,体系降解机制为直接氧化。同时,在长时间稳定性实验中,甲基橙去除率仍处于较高水平。在最佳实验条件下,除甲基橙外,罗丹明B以及两者混合后的污染物降解率均在94%以上。

Investigation of dynamic processing on aluminum floc aggregation:Cyclic shearing recovery and effect of sulfate ion

The floc formation and re-aggregation potential and the effects of sulfate on coagulation by AlCl3, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), and Al13 species using a photometric dispersion analyzer (PDA) are in- vestigated. It is found that the recovery level from shearing is the highest for the Al13 species. This is likely a result of increased collision efficiency due to more effective charge neutralization. The ex- perimental results show that sulfate has a significant effect on coagulation and promoting aggregation of hydrolyzed species for the Al13 species. It results in significant improvement of the coagulation effi- ciency through an electrostatic patch effect. The results further indicate that zeta potential of the parti- cle suspension is not the only indicator for the coagulant efficiency when precipitate formation sig- nificantly improves coagulation.

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al_(13)

In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al_(13) ,Nano-Al_(13) was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride(PAC)solutions which had the same Al_(13) percentage but different total Al concentrations,by using column chromatography,ethanol-acetone resolving and SO_(4)^(2−)/Ba^(2+)displacement.The Al_(13) species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectropho-tometry and 27Al-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance).The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al_(13) ,PAC and AlCl_(3) in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests.The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al_(13) ,PAC and AlC_(13) were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000(PDA2000).The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations,while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations.The SO_(4)^(2−)/Ba^(2+)displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations.However,extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation.The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al_(13) with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color.The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al_(13) also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl3 because the Nano-Al_(13) conformation is more effective in charge neutralization.