The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to to...The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.展开更多
Hierarchical magnetic-dielectric composites are promising functional materials with prospective applications in microwave absorption(MA)field.Herein,a three-dimension hierarchical“nanotubes on microrods,”core–shell...Hierarchical magnetic-dielectric composites are promising functional materials with prospective applications in microwave absorption(MA)field.Herein,a three-dimension hierarchical“nanotubes on microrods,”core–shell magnetic metal–carbon composite is rationally constructed for the first time via a fast metal–organic frameworksbased ligand exchange strategy followed by a carbonization treatment with melamine.Abundant magnetic CoFe nanoparticles are embedded within one-dimensional graphitized carbon/carbon nanotubes supported on micro-scale Mo2N rod(Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT),constructing a special multi-dimension hierarchical MA material.Ligand exchange reaction is found to determine the formation of hierarchical magnetic-dielectric composite,which is assembled by dielectric Mo2N as core and spatially dispersed CoFe nanoparticles within C/CNTs as shell.Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT composites exhibit superior MA performance with maximum reflection loss of−53.5 dB at 2 mm thickness and show a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz.The Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT composites hold the following advantages:(1)hierarchical core–shell structure offers plentiful of heterojunction interfaces and triggers interfacial polarization,(2)unique electronic migration/hop paths in the graphitized C/CNTs and Mo2N rod facilitate conductive loss,(3)highly dispersed magnetic CoFe nanoparticles within“tubes on rods”matrix build multi-scale magnetic coupling network and reinforce magnetic response capability,confirmed by the off-axis electron holography.展开更多
Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene is widely regarded as a potential micro-wave absorber due to its dielectric multi-layered structure.However,missing magnetic loss capability of pure MXene leads to the unmatched electromagnetic par...Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene is widely regarded as a potential micro-wave absorber due to its dielectric multi-layered structure.However,missing magnetic loss capability of pure MXene leads to the unmatched electromagnetic parameters and unsatisfied impedance matching condi-tion.Herein,with the inspiration from dielectric-magnetic synergy,this obstruction is solved by fabricating magnetic CNTs/Ni hetero-structure decorated MXene substrate via a facile in situ induced growth method.Ni2+ions are successfully attached on the surface and interlamination of each MXene unit by intensive electrostatic adsorption.Benefiting from the possible“seed-germination”effect,the“seeds”Ni^(2+)grow into“buds”Ni nanoparticles and“stem”carbon nanotubes(CNTs)from the enlarged“soil”of MXene skeleton.Due to the improved impedance matching con-dition,the MXene-CNTs/Ni hybrid holds a superior microwave absorp-tion performance of−56.4 dB at only 2.4 mm thickness.Such a distinctive 3D architecture endows the hybrids:(i)a large-scale 3D magnetic coupling network in each dielectric unit that leading to the enhanced magnetic loss capability,(ii)a massive multi-heterojunction interface structure that resulting in the reinforced polarization loss capability,confirmed by the off-axis electron holography.These outstanding results provide novel ideas for developing magnetic MXene-based absorbers.展开更多
Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant chal...Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant challenge.In this study,a composite EM wave absorber made of a FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy embedded in a 1D carbon matrix framework is rationally designed through an improved electrospinning method.The 1D-shaped FeCoNi alloy embedded composite demonstrates the high-density and continuous magnetic network using off-axis electronic holography technique,indicating the excellent magnetic loss ability under an external EM field.Then,the in-depth analysis shows that many factors,including 1D anisotropy and intrinsic physical features of the magnetic medium-entropy alloy,primarily contribute to the enhanced EM wave absorption performance.Therefore,the fabricated EM wave absorber shows an increasing effective absorption band of 1.3 GHz in the low-frequency electromagnetic field at an ultrathin thickness of 2 mm.Thus,this study opens up a new method for the design and preparation of high-performance 1D magnetic EM absorbers.展开更多
BACKGROUD: Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous messenger is prov...BACKGROUD: Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous messenger is proved to play an important role in the formation of synaptic plasticity, transference of neuronal information and the neural development, but excessive nitro oxide can result in neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE : To observe the effects of acute alcoholism on the learning and memory ability and the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in brain tissue of rats. DESIGN : A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING : Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College MATERIALS: Eighteen male clean-degree SD rats of 18-22 weeks were raised adaptively for 2 days, and then randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and experimental group (n = 10). The nNOS immunohistochemical reagent was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Y-maze was produced by Suixi Zhenghua Apparatus Plant. METHODS : The experiment was carded out in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College from June to October in 2005. ① Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol (2.5 g/kg) which was dissolved in normal saline (20%). The loss of righting reflex and ataxia within 5 minutes indicated the successful model. Whereas rats in the control group were given saline of the same volume. ② Examinations of learning and memory ability: The Y-maze tests for learning and memory ability were performed at 6 hours after the models establishment. The rats were put into the Y-maze separately. The test was performed in a quiet and dark room. There was a lamp at the end of each of three pathways in Y-maze and the base of maze had electric net. All the lamps of the three pathways were turned on for 3 minutes and then turned off. One lamp was turned on randomly, and the other two delayed automatically. In 5 seconds after alternation, pulsating electric current presented in the base of unsafe area to stimulate rat's feet to run to the safe area. The lighting lasted for 15 seconds as one test. Running from unsafe area to safe area at one time in 10 seconds was justified as successful. Such test was repeated for 10 times for each rat and the successful frequency was recorded. The qualified standard of maze test was that the rat ardved in the safe area g times during 10 experiments. The number of trainings for the qualified standard was used to represent the result of spatial learning. ③ Determination of the content of nNOS in brain tissue: After the Y-maze test, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood was let from the incision on right auricle, transcardially perfused via the left ventricle with about 200 mL saline, then fixed by perfusion of 40 g/L paraformaldehyde. Hippocampal CA1 region, corpus striatum and cerebellum were taken to prepare serial freezing coronal sections. The nNOS contents in the brain regions were determined with the immunohistochemical methods to reflect the changes of nitdc oxide in brain tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : The changes of learning and memory ability and the changes of the nNOS contents in the brain tissue of rats with acute alcoholism were observed. RESULTS : One rat in the experimental group was excluded due to its slow reaction to electdc stimulation in the Y-maze test, and the other 17 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times to reach qualifying standards of Y-maze in the expedmental group was more than that in the control group [(34.33 ±13.04), (27.50±8.79) times, P〈 0.05]. ② Forms and numbers of nNOS positive neurons in brain tissue: It could be observed under light microscope that in the hippocampal CA1 region, there were fewer nNOS positive neurons, which were lightly stained, and the processes were not clear enough; But the numbers of the positive neurons which were deeply stained as huffy were obviously increased in the experimental group, the cell body and cyloplasm of process were evenly stained, but the nucleus was not stained. The nNOS positive neurons in corpus stdatum had similar forms and size in the experimental group and control group. The form of the nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum were similar between the two groups. The numbers of nNOS positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and corpus striatum in the expedmental group [(18.22±7.47), (11.38±5.00) cells/high power field] were obviously higher than those in the control group [(10.15±4.24), (6.15±3.69) cells/high power field. The number of nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum had no significant difference between the two groups [(49.56±18.84), (44.43±15.42) cells/high power field, P〉 0.05]. CONCLUSION : Acute alcoholism may impair learning and memory ability, and nitric oxide may be involved in mediating the neurotoxic role of ethanol.展开更多
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal central nervous system development. Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions i...Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal central nervous system development. Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions in offspring, which may be related to changes in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory, in this study, we examined adult offspring in a materna~ alcohol consumption model in rats. Y-maze test results showed that in utero exposure to alcohol impairs learning and memory capacities. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNA and protein expressions in the hippocampus of the offspring were significantly elevated, as assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence, and immuno-precipitation. Our experimental findings strongly suggest that altered cydin-dependent kinase 5 may mediate impaired learning and memory in adult rats that were exposed to alcohol by maternal consumption while in utero.展开更多
The design and optimization of one-dimension(1D)magnetic material are of great importance for the energy conversion,storage and spin electron devices,which remain a huge challenge.Herein,1D porous Fe_(3)O_(4) nanotube...The design and optimization of one-dimension(1D)magnetic material are of great importance for the energy conversion,storage and spin electron devices,which remain a huge challenge.Herein,1D porous Fe_(3)O_(4) nanotubes(NTs)have been fabricated via a combined process of electrospinning and calcination.In the electrospinning precursors,by regulating the content ratio between two types of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with different molecular weight,porous Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs with vortex-domain configuration have been fabricated.Based on the unique 1D nanotube structure encapsulated with multi-domains,the composite Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs exhibit high complex permeability(μʹ,μʺ)values,and hold both strong magnetic storage and dissipation capacity.Our Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs exhibit excellent microwave absorption(MA)performance with the maximum reflection loss value of−57.1 dB and the efficient absorption bandwidth of 12.0 GHz.The generated magnetic vortices make the crucial contribution to the spin-wave resonance which improves the MA dissipation under high-frequency.Related magnetic flux line distribution and magnetic domain moment were confirmed by the electron holography and micro-magnetic simulation,respectively,providing the deep insight to the microwave absorption mechanism.展开更多
The semi-diurnal mean aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, and optical properties of PM2.s were investigated in Shanghai during the spring of 2012. Slight pollution was observed during the study period. T...The semi-diurnal mean aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, and optical properties of PM2.s were investigated in Shanghai during the spring of 2012. Slight pollution was observed during the study period. The average PM2.s concentration was 64.11± 22.83μg/m3. The mean coefficients of extinction, scattering, and absorption at 532 nm were 125.9 ± 78.5, 91.1 ± 56.3, and 34.9 ±23.6 Mm-1, respectively. A relatively low mean single scattering alhedo at 532 nm (0.73 ±0.04) and low level of elemental carbon (EC, 2.67± 1.96 μg/m3) suggested that the light absorption was enhanced due to the internal mixing of the EC. Sulfate contributed the most to aerosol light scattering in Shanghai. The chemical composition of PM2.5 was dominated by particulate organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and EC. Anthropogenic sources made a significant contribution to the emission and loading of the particulate pollutants. A relatively good correlation between the aerosol chemical composition and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation indicated that aerosol chemistry is an important factor that influences the saturated hygroscopicity and growth of the aerosol.展开更多
A two-phase flow model for predicting sedi- mentation processes under wave and current conditions is presented. The model is based on solving the one- dimensional continuity and momentum equations for both fluid and s...A two-phase flow model for predicting sedi- mentation processes under wave and current conditions is presented. The model is based on solving the one- dimensional continuity and momentum equations for both fluid and solid phases through water column (1 DV). The standard mixing length model is modified to take into account the buoyancy effect due to the gradient of suspended sediments near the seabed. The model is applied to study sedimentation processes on an erosional mudflat in the Yangtze River Delta, China, and intra-tide variations of flow properties and mud concentration are predicted and compared with field measurements. It was found that it is necessary to include the wave-induced shear stress in determining sediment erosion and the existence of a fluid mud layer can significantly influence both the flow structure and the distribution of sediment concentration in the water column. The turbulence dissipation induced by the fluid mud layer has the effect of increasing the duration of re-suspension during the early stage of the ebb. The overall good agreement between measured data and model results demonstrates the capability of the model.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BL2014088)the Program of Changshu Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.CS201813)+1 种基金Suzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.SKJY2021007)Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Project(Grant No.GSWS2022101).
文摘The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project No.2018YFA0209102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11727807,51725101,51672050,61790581).
文摘Hierarchical magnetic-dielectric composites are promising functional materials with prospective applications in microwave absorption(MA)field.Herein,a three-dimension hierarchical“nanotubes on microrods,”core–shell magnetic metal–carbon composite is rationally constructed for the first time via a fast metal–organic frameworksbased ligand exchange strategy followed by a carbonization treatment with melamine.Abundant magnetic CoFe nanoparticles are embedded within one-dimensional graphitized carbon/carbon nanotubes supported on micro-scale Mo2N rod(Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT),constructing a special multi-dimension hierarchical MA material.Ligand exchange reaction is found to determine the formation of hierarchical magnetic-dielectric composite,which is assembled by dielectric Mo2N as core and spatially dispersed CoFe nanoparticles within C/CNTs as shell.Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT composites exhibit superior MA performance with maximum reflection loss of−53.5 dB at 2 mm thickness and show a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz.The Mo2N@CoFe@C/CNT composites hold the following advantages:(1)hierarchical core–shell structure offers plentiful of heterojunction interfaces and triggers interfacial polarization,(2)unique electronic migration/hop paths in the graphitized C/CNTs and Mo2N rod facilitate conductive loss,(3)highly dispersed magnetic CoFe nanoparticles within“tubes on rods”matrix build multi-scale magnetic coupling network and reinforce magnetic response capability,confirmed by the off-axis electron holography.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51725101,11727807,51672050,61790581)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0209102)。
文摘Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene is widely regarded as a potential micro-wave absorber due to its dielectric multi-layered structure.However,missing magnetic loss capability of pure MXene leads to the unmatched electromagnetic parameters and unsatisfied impedance matching condi-tion.Herein,with the inspiration from dielectric-magnetic synergy,this obstruction is solved by fabricating magnetic CNTs/Ni hetero-structure decorated MXene substrate via a facile in situ induced growth method.Ni2+ions are successfully attached on the surface and interlamination of each MXene unit by intensive electrostatic adsorption.Benefiting from the possible“seed-germination”effect,the“seeds”Ni^(2+)grow into“buds”Ni nanoparticles and“stem”carbon nanotubes(CNTs)from the enlarged“soil”of MXene skeleton.Due to the improved impedance matching con-dition,the MXene-CNTs/Ni hybrid holds a superior microwave absorp-tion performance of−56.4 dB at only 2.4 mm thickness.Such a distinctive 3D architecture endows the hybrids:(i)a large-scale 3D magnetic coupling network in each dielectric unit that leading to the enhanced magnetic loss capability,(ii)a massive multi-heterojunction interface structure that resulting in the reinforced polarization loss capability,confirmed by the off-axis electron holography.These outstanding results provide novel ideas for developing magnetic MXene-based absorbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51725101,11727807,51672050,61790581,22088101)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project Nos.2018YFA0209102 and 2021YFA1200600)Infrastructure and Facility Construction Project of Zhejiang Laboratory.
文摘Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant challenge.In this study,a composite EM wave absorber made of a FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy embedded in a 1D carbon matrix framework is rationally designed through an improved electrospinning method.The 1D-shaped FeCoNi alloy embedded composite demonstrates the high-density and continuous magnetic network using off-axis electronic holography technique,indicating the excellent magnetic loss ability under an external EM field.Then,the in-depth analysis shows that many factors,including 1D anisotropy and intrinsic physical features of the magnetic medium-entropy alloy,primarily contribute to the enhanced EM wave absorption performance.Therefore,the fabricated EM wave absorber shows an increasing effective absorption band of 1.3 GHz in the low-frequency electromagnetic field at an ultrathin thickness of 2 mm.Thus,this study opens up a new method for the design and preparation of high-performance 1D magnetic EM absorbers.
基金the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of HenanProvince, No. 984021100 agrant from Key Subject Fund ofXinxiang Medical College
文摘BACKGROUD: Ethanol can influence neural development and the ability of leaming and memory, but its mechanism of the neural toxicity is not clear till now. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous messenger is proved to play an important role in the formation of synaptic plasticity, transference of neuronal information and the neural development, but excessive nitro oxide can result in neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE : To observe the effects of acute alcoholism on the learning and memory ability and the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in brain tissue of rats. DESIGN : A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING : Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College MATERIALS: Eighteen male clean-degree SD rats of 18-22 weeks were raised adaptively for 2 days, and then randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and experimental group (n = 10). The nNOS immunohistochemical reagent was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Y-maze was produced by Suixi Zhenghua Apparatus Plant. METHODS : The experiment was carded out in the laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Xinxiang Medical College from June to October in 2005. ① Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol (2.5 g/kg) which was dissolved in normal saline (20%). The loss of righting reflex and ataxia within 5 minutes indicated the successful model. Whereas rats in the control group were given saline of the same volume. ② Examinations of learning and memory ability: The Y-maze tests for learning and memory ability were performed at 6 hours after the models establishment. The rats were put into the Y-maze separately. The test was performed in a quiet and dark room. There was a lamp at the end of each of three pathways in Y-maze and the base of maze had electric net. All the lamps of the three pathways were turned on for 3 minutes and then turned off. One lamp was turned on randomly, and the other two delayed automatically. In 5 seconds after alternation, pulsating electric current presented in the base of unsafe area to stimulate rat's feet to run to the safe area. The lighting lasted for 15 seconds as one test. Running from unsafe area to safe area at one time in 10 seconds was justified as successful. Such test was repeated for 10 times for each rat and the successful frequency was recorded. The qualified standard of maze test was that the rat ardved in the safe area g times during 10 experiments. The number of trainings for the qualified standard was used to represent the result of spatial learning. ③ Determination of the content of nNOS in brain tissue: After the Y-maze test, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood was let from the incision on right auricle, transcardially perfused via the left ventricle with about 200 mL saline, then fixed by perfusion of 40 g/L paraformaldehyde. Hippocampal CA1 region, corpus striatum and cerebellum were taken to prepare serial freezing coronal sections. The nNOS contents in the brain regions were determined with the immunohistochemical methods to reflect the changes of nitdc oxide in brain tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : The changes of learning and memory ability and the changes of the nNOS contents in the brain tissue of rats with acute alcoholism were observed. RESULTS : One rat in the experimental group was excluded due to its slow reaction to electdc stimulation in the Y-maze test, and the other 17 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times to reach qualifying standards of Y-maze in the expedmental group was more than that in the control group [(34.33 ±13.04), (27.50±8.79) times, P〈 0.05]. ② Forms and numbers of nNOS positive neurons in brain tissue: It could be observed under light microscope that in the hippocampal CA1 region, there were fewer nNOS positive neurons, which were lightly stained, and the processes were not clear enough; But the numbers of the positive neurons which were deeply stained as huffy were obviously increased in the experimental group, the cell body and cyloplasm of process were evenly stained, but the nucleus was not stained. The nNOS positive neurons in corpus stdatum had similar forms and size in the experimental group and control group. The form of the nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum were similar between the two groups. The numbers of nNOS positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region and corpus striatum in the expedmental group [(18.22±7.47), (11.38±5.00) cells/high power field] were obviously higher than those in the control group [(10.15±4.24), (6.15±3.69) cells/high power field. The number of nNOS positive neurons in cerebellum had no significant difference between the two groups [(49.56±18.84), (44.43±15.42) cells/high power field, P〉 0.05]. CONCLUSION : Acute alcoholism may impair learning and memory ability, and nitric oxide may be involved in mediating the neurotoxic role of ethanol.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81171261a grant from Henan Science Technology Committee of China,No.112300410162Fund for Talents with Innovation in Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province of China,No.3052
文摘Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has detrimental effects on fetal central nervous system development. Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions in offspring, which may be related to changes in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory, in this study, we examined adult offspring in a materna~ alcohol consumption model in rats. Y-maze test results showed that in utero exposure to alcohol impairs learning and memory capacities. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 mRNA and protein expressions in the hippocampus of the offspring were significantly elevated, as assayed by quantitative real-time PCR and reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence, and immuno-precipitation. Our experimental findings strongly suggest that altered cydin-dependent kinase 5 may mediate impaired learning and memory in adult rats that were exposed to alcohol by maternal consumption while in utero.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51725101,11727807,51672050,61790581,and 22088101)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2018YFA0209102)Infrastructure and Facility Construction Project of Zhejiang Laboratory.
文摘The design and optimization of one-dimension(1D)magnetic material are of great importance for the energy conversion,storage and spin electron devices,which remain a huge challenge.Herein,1D porous Fe_(3)O_(4) nanotubes(NTs)have been fabricated via a combined process of electrospinning and calcination.In the electrospinning precursors,by regulating the content ratio between two types of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with different molecular weight,porous Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs with vortex-domain configuration have been fabricated.Based on the unique 1D nanotube structure encapsulated with multi-domains,the composite Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs exhibit high complex permeability(μʹ,μʺ)values,and hold both strong magnetic storage and dissipation capacity.Our Fe_(3)O_(4) NTs exhibit excellent microwave absorption(MA)performance with the maximum reflection loss value of−57.1 dB and the efficient absorption bandwidth of 12.0 GHz.The generated magnetic vortices make the crucial contribution to the spin-wave resonance which improves the MA dissipation under high-frequency.Related magnetic flux line distribution and magnetic domain moment were confirmed by the electron holography and micro-magnetic simulation,respectively,providing the deep insight to the microwave absorption mechanism.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB428503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41075096,21190053,21177025)+2 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(12DJ1400100,12DZ2260200)the Priority Fields for Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (0110071130003)an FP7 project(AMIS,PIRSES-GA-2011)
文摘The semi-diurnal mean aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, and optical properties of PM2.s were investigated in Shanghai during the spring of 2012. Slight pollution was observed during the study period. The average PM2.s concentration was 64.11± 22.83μg/m3. The mean coefficients of extinction, scattering, and absorption at 532 nm were 125.9 ± 78.5, 91.1 ± 56.3, and 34.9 ±23.6 Mm-1, respectively. A relatively low mean single scattering alhedo at 532 nm (0.73 ±0.04) and low level of elemental carbon (EC, 2.67± 1.96 μg/m3) suggested that the light absorption was enhanced due to the internal mixing of the EC. Sulfate contributed the most to aerosol light scattering in Shanghai. The chemical composition of PM2.5 was dominated by particulate organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and EC. Anthropogenic sources made a significant contribution to the emission and loading of the particulate pollutants. A relatively good correlation between the aerosol chemical composition and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation indicated that aerosol chemistry is an important factor that influences the saturated hygroscopicity and growth of the aerosol.
文摘A two-phase flow model for predicting sedi- mentation processes under wave and current conditions is presented. The model is based on solving the one- dimensional continuity and momentum equations for both fluid and solid phases through water column (1 DV). The standard mixing length model is modified to take into account the buoyancy effect due to the gradient of suspended sediments near the seabed. The model is applied to study sedimentation processes on an erosional mudflat in the Yangtze River Delta, China, and intra-tide variations of flow properties and mud concentration are predicted and compared with field measurements. It was found that it is necessary to include the wave-induced shear stress in determining sediment erosion and the existence of a fluid mud layer can significantly influence both the flow structure and the distribution of sediment concentration in the water column. The turbulence dissipation induced by the fluid mud layer has the effect of increasing the duration of re-suspension during the early stage of the ebb. The overall good agreement between measured data and model results demonstrates the capability of the model.