石墨烯在自供能传感系统中的应用

随着现代社会智能化的加速发展,传感系统中传感器的数量、密度和分布范围不断增加,传统的供能方式难以满足如此复杂多变的传感器供能需求,从周围环境中收集能量并转化为电能的自供能传感器件是解决这一难题的有效途径。石墨烯不仅具有优异的传感性能,而且在各种能源器件中有广泛的应用,这为基于石墨烯的自供能传感器件设计提供了便利。近年来,人们已经研究和发展了多种多样的石墨烯自供能传感器件。本文基于自供能器件的基本能量供给原理,包括电化学供能、光伏供能、摩擦电供能、水伏供能以及热电、压电、热释电等其它供能,分别介绍了石墨烯在自供能传感器件中的应用,并展望了基于石墨烯的自供能传感器件的未来发展、挑战和前景。

Effects of processing technology on essential oil and pharmacological action of frankincense

Background:According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory,the common processing methods for Ruxiang(frankincense)include stir-frying processing and vinegar processing.Methods:With network pharmacology and thermal analysis methods,we selected and identified the main and irritating ingredients,established the pyrolysis characteristic parameters for identifying frankincense quality,quantified the starting and optimum temperature limits for processing frankincense,and analyzed the influences of processing adjuvants(vinegar)on combustion pyrolysis characteristics of frankincense.By applying Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography and UV-visible spectrometry,we evaluated the processing technology developed in our study of frankincense and its processed products.Results:Based on network pharmacology,we can find that the classical compounds of essential oil are the main pharmacodynamics components of frankincense possessing the anti-inflammatory,analgesia,anti-tumor,anti-ulcer and ant-inflammatory bowel disease effects.The pyrolysis combustion rate peaks of frankincense at 285.27±7.05℃and 476.99±13.46℃were the characteristic peaks used to identify frankincense quality.The specific temperature of slow-fire processing,including the vinegar processing and stir-frying processing,was 148.72±5.09℃.Heating for 5.67±0.98 min after reaching processing temperature was needed for processing frankincense with vinegar.The kinetics analysis showed that both frankincense and its vinegar mixture exhibited good linear relationships.The feasibility and practicability for our processing technology were verified through the determination of medicinal compounds by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography and UV.Conclusion:Frankincense essential oils were the main active components of frankincense,which also can be taken as the internal chemical control indexes to judge the quality control and to optimize the processing technology of frankincense.The pyrolysis combustion rate peaks of frankincense at 285.27±7.05℃and 476.99±13.46℃were the characteristic peaks that can be used to identify frankincense quality.The optimum processing conditions of vinegar-processed frankincense with were as follows:with vinegar,20%;heating temperature,148.72±5.09℃;and heating time,5.67±0.98 min.Under these conditions,frankincense essential oil could cause a moderate effect on combustion pyrolysis characteristics to exert its corresponding pharmacological effects.

Novel graphene enhancement nanolaser based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides at optical communication wavelength

Surface plasmon polariton （SPP） nanolaser, which can achieve an all-optical circuit, is a major research topic in the field of micro light source. In this study, we examine a novel SPP graphene nanolaser in an optoelectronic integration field. The proposed nanolaser consists of metallic silver, two-dimensional （2D） graphene and high refractive index semiconductor of indium gallium arsenide phosphorus. Compared with other metals, Ag can reduce the threshold and propagation loss. The SPP field, excited by coupling Ag and InGaAsE can be enhanced by the 2D material of graphene. In the proposed nanolaser, the maximum value of propagation loss is approximately 0.055 dB/~tm, and the normalized mode area is con- stantly less than 0.05, and the best threshold can achieve 3380 cm l simultaneously. Meanwhile, the proposed nanolaser can be fabricated by conventional materials and work in optical communication （1550 nm）, which can be easily achieved with current nanotechnology. It is also an important method that will be used to overcome the challenges of high speed, miniaturization, and integration in optoelectronic integrated technology.

The riddles of number nine in Chinese medicine processing method

The“nine cycles of steaming and shining”,“nine making”,“nine turns”and“nine cycles of calcining and quenching”methods that are recorded and used since ancient times are merely one aspect of the unique processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Inducing the Chinese medicine processing method“nine cycles of steaming and shining”from historical review and summarizing the practical wisdom based on the canonical aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and the experiences of ancient Chinese medicine sages to promote the new development of traditional Chinese medicine.After the long-term and multiple“nine”processing,the materials of traditional Chinese medicine exhibit significant beneficial changes in terms of taste,efficacy,and chemical composition contents,thus emphasizing that Chinese medicine processing plays a significant role in their efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction.Heshouwu(Polygoni Multiflori Radix),Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),and Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae)are representatives of Chinese medicinal materials prepared using the“nine-system”processing method.This review discovers the aim and the molecular mechanism of“nine”processing of the abovementioned herbs from the viewpoints of modern pharmacochemistry and pharmacology to provide a theoretical support for the“nine”processing method of traditional Chinese medicine and to promote the international market of traditional Chinese medicine.

East to west:research progress in traditional Chinese medicine for antiaging strategies

Delaying the onset of aging is considered an important tool for dealing with the global crisis of the aging population.Accordingly,several antiaging studies have been conducted using strategies of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this review,we summarize the current state of antiaging research related to both modern medicine and TCM and provide suggestions for further research.Various theories related to the aging process have been proposed,including the free radical theory,mitochondrial DNA damage theory,telomere theory,cross-linking theory,and intestinal flora theory,and a number of antiaging chemical treatments have been developed using modern medicine.These theories and achievements have resulted in major advancements in antiaging research.TCM is based on practical experience and has a long history with unique advantages in antiaging research.Some antiaging practices such as moderate diet consumption,acupuncture,Tai Chi(a traditional Chinese martial art that can relax the nerves to slow down the aging process),and Wuqin Xi(a traditional Chinese exercise to strengthen the body)have been adopted to maintain health.Several TCMs and prescriptions,particularly those related to medicine food homology,have been used in antiaging treatment,and their antiaging properties have been demonstrated to be effective based on pharmacological experiments and clinical applications.

Ground Nephogram Enhancement Algorithm Based on Improved Adaptive Fractional Differentiation

The texture of ground-based nephogram is abundant and multiplicity.Many cloud textures are not as clear as artificial textures.A nephogram enhancement algorithm based on Adaptive Fractional Differential is established to extract the natural texture of visible ground-based cloud image.Grunwald-Lentikov(G-L)and Grunwald-Lentikov(R-L)fractional differential operators are applied to the enhancement algorithm of ground-based nephogram.An operator mask based on adaptive differential order is designed.The corresponding mask template is used to process each pixel.The results show that this method can extract image texture and edge details and simplify the process of differential order selection.

A Cation-Driven Approach toward Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials

The design of new materials with special performances is still a great challenge,especially for the deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials in which it is difficult to balance large bandgaps and strong second harmonic generation responses due to their inverse relationship.Cation variation not only influences the whole structure frameworks but also directly participates in the formation of electronic structures,both of which could lead to the uncontrollability of the properties of the designed materials.Here,a novel approach,aiming at purposeful and foreseeable material designs,is proposed to characterize the role of cations.By the verification of several series of borates,the influences of cation variation on property changes are explored systematically.Accordingly,a feasible strategy of designing deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials by substituting barium for lead has been concluded,which could obviously blue-shift the ultraviolet cutoff edge and maintain the relatively strong second harmonic generation response(more than 2 times of KH2PO4),achieving the property optimization,and especially works efficiently in fluorooxoborates.The property optimization design strategy and the cation characterization method are not only helpful in exploring nonlinear optical materials but also enlightening in material design and selection.

Optimizing Optical Fiber Faults Detection:A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Machine Learning Approaches

Efficient optical network management poses significant importance in backhaul and access network communicationfor preventing service disruptions and ensuring Quality of Service(QoS)satisfaction.The emerging faultsin optical networks introduce challenges that can jeopardize the network with a variety of faults.The existingliterature witnessed various partial or inadequate solutions.On the other hand,Machine Learning(ML)hasrevolutionized as a promising technique for fault detection and prevention.Unlike traditional fault managementsystems,this research has three-fold contributions.First,this research leverages the ML and Deep Learning(DL)multi-classification system and evaluates their accuracy in detecting six distinct fault types,including fiber cut,fibereavesdropping,splicing,bad connector,bending,and PC connector.Secondly,this paper assesses the classificationdelay of each classification algorithm.Finally,this work proposes a fiber optics fault prevention algorithm thatdetermines to mitigate the faults accordingly.This work utilized a publicly available fiber optics dataset namedOTDR_Data and applied different ML classifiers,such as Gaussian Naive Bayes(GNB),Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),Random Forest(RF),and Decision Tree(DT).Moreover,Ensemble Learning(EL)techniques are applied to evaluate the accuracy of various classifiers.In addition,this work evaluated the performance of DL-based Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)hybrid classifier.The findings reveal that the CNN-LSTM hybrid technique achieved the highestaccuracy of 99%with a delay of 360 s.On the other hand,EL techniques improved the accuracy in detecting fiberoptic faults.Thus,this research comprehensively assesses accuracy and delay metrics for various classifiers andproposes the most efficient attack detection system in fiber optics.

Laser Spot Center Detection and Comparison Test

High efficiency and precision of the pot center detection are the foundations of avionics instrument navigation and optics measurement basis for many applications.It has noticeable impact on overall system performance.Among them,laser spot detection is very important in the optical measurement technology.In order to improve the low accuracy of the spot center position,the algorithm is improved on the basis of the circle fitting.The pretreatment is used by circle fitting,and the improved adaptive denoising filter for TV repair technology can effectively improves the accuracy of the spot center position.At the same time,the pretreatment and de-noising can effectively reduce the influence of Gaussian white noise,which enhances the anti-jamming capability.

Does the Belt and Road Initiative Increase the Carbon Emission Intensity of Paticipating Countries?

The impact that the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has had on carbon emissions is a hotly debated issue.Using a panel dataset of 178 countries from 2002 to 2017,and applying the quantile difference-in-difference method in different industries,this study finds that,first,the BRI overall tends to reduce the carbon emission intensity of BRI countries.Second,the impact of BRI on reducing the carbon emission intensity is significant for BRI countries at higher(0.8 and 0.9)and lower(0.2 and 0.3)carbon emission intensity quantiles but it is insignificant for those at medium levels.Third,the BRI has significant impacts on reducing carbon emission intensity in the energy-intensive industries,and this effect is the highest at the quantile level of 0.9 for all three industries considered here:transportation,electric and heating,and manufacturing and construction.These results indicate that establishing BRI cooperation with China will improve the environment and enhance the sustainable development ability of BRI countries.

Synthesis of MXene-supported layered MoS_2 with enhanced electrochemical performance for Mg batteries

In this paper, the petal-like MoS2/MXene composite has been successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. With the combination of few-layer MoS2nanosheets and the high conductive MXene substrate, the composite exhibits enhanced capacities of 165 mAh/g at 50 mA/g and outstanding rate performance of 93 mAh/g at 200 mA/g as a cathode material of Mg batteries. Simultaneously, MXene with high conductivity and abundant surface functional groups is proved to be a promising substrate for the wider design of high performance electrode materials.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and destruction of pancreatic β cells in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)results from dysfunction of pancreatic isletsβcells.Recent studies supported that endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress takes an important role in pancreaticβcell excessive loss,resulting in T1D.Here,we aimed to review the relationship between ER stress and T1D.Additionally,we also reviewed the potential mechanisms underlying ER stress mediated T1D.Studies have shown that severe ER stress is directly involved in the pancreaticβcells destruction and pathogenesis of T1D.ER stress plays a key part in pancreaticβcells and T1D,which will help in developing new effective therapeutics for T1D.

Polarization-independent all-silicon dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz regime

Dielectric metasurfaces have achieved great success in realizing high-efficiency wavefront control in the optical and infrared ranges. Here, we experimentally demonstrate several efficient, polarization-independent, all-silicon dielectric metasurfaces in the terahertz regime. The metasurfaces are composed of cylindrical silicon pillars on a silicon substrate, which can be easily fabricated using etching technology for semiconductors. By locally tailoring the diameter of the pillars, full control over abrupt phase changes can be achieved. To show the controlling ability of the metasurfaces, an anomalous deflector, three Bessel beam generators, and three vortex beam generators are fabricated and characterized. We also show that the proposed metasurfaces can be easily combined to form composite devices with extended functionalities. The proposed controlling method has promising applications in developing low-loss, ultra-compact spatial terahertz modulation devices.

Quantification of Chinese yam processing methods based on pyrolysis characteristics and its relation to Maillard reaction

Objective:Chinese yam(Shanyao in Chinese,SY)as one of the representatives for Chinese medicines can be used as both of medicine and food with rich nutritional and medicinal value.Most of Chinese herbal medicines need to be processed prior to be used in clinical practice.SY was divided into Maoshanyao(Hairy Shanyao,MSY)and Guangshanyao(Smooth Shanyao,GSY)based on different processing methods at the place of origin,and it also could be processed as stir-fried SY and bran stir-fried SY to meet the different clinical use.Moreover,during the processing of Chinese herbal medicines,more complicated Maillard reaction occurs compared to food processing.Therefore,the objective of this research is to quantify the firepower of SY processing,and combined this with the relevant parameters of Maillard reaction.Methods:The MSY and GSY produced in Shanxi and Henan Provinces were chosen as the research objects.By using thermal analysis technology,we first established the correlation between pyrolysis and processing of SY and its mixtures.We also quantified the firepower of Shaoyao processing,and combined this with the relevant parameters of Maillard reaction(p H value,amino acid,and 5-HMF)and the changes in medicinal ingredients(allantoin).Results:The SY was mainly fried with moderate-fire(190°C-200°C),and the starting temperatures of different SY–ingredient mixtures were(176.3±5.33)°C for(honey)bran,and(205.9±8.05)°C for rice.The upper limits of processing temperature were(289.9±6.47)°C for(honey)bran and(298.9±1.15)°C for rice.The cooking time was(10.80±1.76)min for soil stir-fry,(10.31±1.06)min for bran stir-fry,and(8.43±0.68)min for rice stir-fry.Moreover,the p H values and the content of 5-HMF were increased(P<0.001),while the content of glycine was decreased significantly(P<0.001)after processing.Conclusion:The results verified and quantified the firepower of traditional processing of SY,and also provided scientific reference for other studies related to SY processing.

基于水凝胶的便携式柔性水蒸发生电器件

水蒸发生电器件(WEG)是近年来发现的一种从自然水蒸发中获取能量的新方法,其巨大的应用潜力引起了广泛的研究兴趣.然而,WEG通常需要提供液态水源,不利于其便携式应用.这里,我们开发了一种基于聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶与网状电极复合的便携式柔性WEG.当器件的一侧暴露在空气中时,不对称的水分蒸发会产生持续3天以上0.2 V左右的开路电压输出.即使在温度低至−5°C情况下,也可以连续工作.尽管低温下由于水分蒸发受到抑制,其输出电压会降低.水凝胶出色的柔韧性和可拉伸性为构建可拉伸应变高达60%以上的WEG提供了可能.其输出电压几乎不受所施加应变的影响,展示了其在便携式电源应用中的巨大潜力.