Low-carbon development as the th eme of modern times is the premise to upgrade industrial structure. The authors adopt the PCA(Principle Component Analysis) to carry on a quantitative analysis about the factors that a...Low-carbon development as the th eme of modern times is the premise to upgrade industrial structure. The authors adopt the PCA(Principle Component Analysis) to carry on a quantitative analysis about the factors that affect the changing industrial structure in Shandong Province and then incorporate them into three principal components,namely,development-consumption,speed-structure and urbanization-technology. In other words,economic development is a direct factor while consumption demand and industrial upgrading are major driving forces. Moreover,urbanization accelerates the changes of industrial structure.展开更多
Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relations...Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relationship between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. We built a model to evaluate the benefits of convenient high-speed transportation using the relative density of highways and the distance from high-speed rail stations and airports as a metric. We used 42 counties of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example. Land-use efficiency was calculated by a DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. We examined the spatial relationships between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency and obtained the following results. First, there are significant spatial differences in the relationships between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the hubs, the core surrounding counties show significant spatial relationship between land-use efficiency and the high-speed transportation superiority degree. Spatial correlation declines as the distance from the hubs increases. Land-use efficiency is less than high-speed transportation convenience in areas along the transportation trunks that are distant from the hub cities. Correlation is low in areas that are away from both hub cities and transportation trunk routes. Second, high-speed transportation has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency due to the mechanism of element agglomeration exogenous growth. Third, high-speed transportation facilitates the flow of goods, services and technologies between core cities and peripheral cities as space spillover(the hub effect). This alters the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency. Finally, the short-board effect caused by decreased high-speed transport construction can be balanced by highway construction and the proper node layouts of high-speed rail stations and airports, resulting in a well-balanced spatial pattern of land-use efficiency.展开更多
A near-distance,nonlinear coupling relationship objectively exists between urbanization and the eco-environment.The issue of how to coordinate the relationship between them has become a global strategic and scientific...A near-distance,nonlinear coupling relationship objectively exists between urbanization and the eco-environment.The issue of how to coordinate the relationship between them has become a global strategic and scientific issue.This study reveals the nature,relationship and intensity of coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment from a theoretical perspective.Based on the strength of coupling,relationships can be characterized as having very-low,low,medium,high,very-high or full coupling intensity,which correspond to the categories of random coupling,indirect coupling,loose coupling,cooperative coupling,close coupling,and controlled coupling.Together,these make up an urbanization and eco-environment"coupling tower."This study also develops an urbanization and eco-environment coupling circle theory and generates 45 coupling graphs(including linear,exponential-curve,logarithmic-curve,double exponential-curve and S-curve graphs)per 10°of rotation of the coupling circle,with different graphs corresponding to different urban development stages and development models.Of the various coupling graphs,the S-curve graph is considered the optimum,as it reflects the best interactivity scenario between urbanization and the eco-environment.Using an S-curve coupling graph,and with the help of an SD model and based on the complex one-to-one,one-to-many,and many-to-many relationships between the variables,this study develops the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler(UEC).The UEC is composed of 11 regulating elements and 201 variables.If one variable changes,it changes the whole,affecting the structure,function and regulation of the entire coupler.The UEC includes three spatio-temporal scales:static regulation between multiple urbanization areas and eco-environment areas at the same time,dynamic regulation between the same urbanization area and eco-environment area at different times,and dynamic regulation between multiple urbanization areas and eco-environment areas at different times.Regulation gradually promotes evolution from low-level coupling to high-level coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment.展开更多
Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical method...Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical methods are limited.Systems science and cross-scale coupling allow us to define the coupled urbanization and eco-environment system as an open complex giant system with multiple feedback loops.We review the current state of dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling and find that:(1)The use of dynamic simulation is an increasing trend,the relevant theory is being developed,and modeling processes are being improved;(2)Dynamic simulation technology has become diversified,refined,intelligent and integrated;(3)Simulation is mainly performed for three aspects of the coupling,multiple regions and multiple elements,local coupling and telecoupling,and regional synergy.However,we also found some shortcomings:(1)Basic theories are inadequately developed and insufficiently integrated;(2)The methods of unifying systems and sharing data are behind the times;(3)Coupling relations and the dynamic characteristics of the main driving elements are not fully understood or completely identified.Additionally,simulation of telecoupling does not quantify parameters and is not systemically unified,and therefore cannot be used to represent spatial synergy.In the future,we must promote communication between research networks,technology integration and data sharing to identify the processes governing change in coupled relations and in the main driving elements in urban agglomerations.Finally,we must build decision support systems to plan and ensure regional sustainable urbanization.展开更多
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371170)Social Science Planning Project of Jinan(13BJB01)
文摘Low-carbon development as the th eme of modern times is the premise to upgrade industrial structure. The authors adopt the PCA(Principle Component Analysis) to carry on a quantitative analysis about the factors that affect the changing industrial structure in Shandong Province and then incorporate them into three principal components,namely,development-consumption,speed-structure and urbanization-technology. In other words,economic development is a direct factor while consumption demand and industrial upgrading are major driving forces. Moreover,urbanization accelerates the changes of industrial structure.
基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590840,No.41590842.
文摘Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relationship between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. We built a model to evaluate the benefits of convenient high-speed transportation using the relative density of highways and the distance from high-speed rail stations and airports as a metric. We used 42 counties of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example. Land-use efficiency was calculated by a DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. We examined the spatial relationships between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency and obtained the following results. First, there are significant spatial differences in the relationships between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the hubs, the core surrounding counties show significant spatial relationship between land-use efficiency and the high-speed transportation superiority degree. Spatial correlation declines as the distance from the hubs increases. Land-use efficiency is less than high-speed transportation convenience in areas along the transportation trunks that are distant from the hub cities. Correlation is low in areas that are away from both hub cities and transportation trunk routes. Second, high-speed transportation has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency due to the mechanism of element agglomeration exogenous growth. Third, high-speed transportation facilitates the flow of goods, services and technologies between core cities and peripheral cities as space spillover(the hub effect). This alters the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency. Finally, the short-board effect caused by decreased high-speed transport construction can be balanced by highway construction and the proper node layouts of high-speed rail stations and airports, resulting in a well-balanced spatial pattern of land-use efficiency.
基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41942004,No.41590842。
文摘A near-distance,nonlinear coupling relationship objectively exists between urbanization and the eco-environment.The issue of how to coordinate the relationship between them has become a global strategic and scientific issue.This study reveals the nature,relationship and intensity of coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment from a theoretical perspective.Based on the strength of coupling,relationships can be characterized as having very-low,low,medium,high,very-high or full coupling intensity,which correspond to the categories of random coupling,indirect coupling,loose coupling,cooperative coupling,close coupling,and controlled coupling.Together,these make up an urbanization and eco-environment"coupling tower."This study also develops an urbanization and eco-environment coupling circle theory and generates 45 coupling graphs(including linear,exponential-curve,logarithmic-curve,double exponential-curve and S-curve graphs)per 10°of rotation of the coupling circle,with different graphs corresponding to different urban development stages and development models.Of the various coupling graphs,the S-curve graph is considered the optimum,as it reflects the best interactivity scenario between urbanization and the eco-environment.Using an S-curve coupling graph,and with the help of an SD model and based on the complex one-to-one,one-to-many,and many-to-many relationships between the variables,this study develops the Urbanization and Eco-environment Coupler(UEC).The UEC is composed of 11 regulating elements and 201 variables.If one variable changes,it changes the whole,affecting the structure,function and regulation of the entire coupler.The UEC includes three spatio-temporal scales:static regulation between multiple urbanization areas and eco-environment areas at the same time,dynamic regulation between the same urbanization area and eco-environment area at different times,and dynamic regulation between multiple urbanization areas and eco-environment areas at different times.Regulation gradually promotes evolution from low-level coupling to high-level coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment.
基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41590840,No.41590842。
文摘Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical methods are limited.Systems science and cross-scale coupling allow us to define the coupled urbanization and eco-environment system as an open complex giant system with multiple feedback loops.We review the current state of dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling and find that:(1)The use of dynamic simulation is an increasing trend,the relevant theory is being developed,and modeling processes are being improved;(2)Dynamic simulation technology has become diversified,refined,intelligent and integrated;(3)Simulation is mainly performed for three aspects of the coupling,multiple regions and multiple elements,local coupling and telecoupling,and regional synergy.However,we also found some shortcomings:(1)Basic theories are inadequately developed and insufficiently integrated;(2)The methods of unifying systems and sharing data are behind the times;(3)Coupling relations and the dynamic characteristics of the main driving elements are not fully understood or completely identified.Additionally,simulation of telecoupling does not quantify parameters and is not systemically unified,and therefore cannot be used to represent spatial synergy.In the future,we must promote communication between research networks,technology integration and data sharing to identify the processes governing change in coupled relations and in the main driving elements in urban agglomerations.Finally,we must build decision support systems to plan and ensure regional sustainable urbanization.
