日间手术管理模式对乳腺良性病变患者住院情况及医疗资源利用效率的影响

目的:探讨实施日间手术管理模式对乳腺良性病变患者住院情况和医疗资源利用率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至12月在海南省人民医院完成手术治疗的200例乳腺良性病变患者的临床资料,均为女性。其中82例在日间诊疗中心按照日间手术管理模式接受手术治疗,记为日间手术组(n=82);另外118例在乳腺外科按照常规手术模式接受手术治疗,记为常规手术组(n=118)。整理两组乳腺良性病变患者的一般资料,比较两组手术效果、住院时间、医疗费用和术后并发症的差异,自制调查问卷评估两组患者的满意度。结果:日间手术组手术等待时间(2.03±0.45)h、住院时间(1.00±0.00)d均短于常规手术组[分别(40.37±4.28)h,(3.87±0.63)d],医疗费用[(4837.26±392.54)元]也显著低于常规手术组[(6259.40±536.09)元],差异有统计学意义(t=80.747、41.221、20.499,P<0.05);两组手术并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.084,P>0.05),日间手术组满意度(97.56%)明显高于常规手术组(88.98%;χ^(2)=5.131,P<0.05)。结论:日间手术管理模式能显著缩短乳腺良性病变患者手术等待时间、住院时间和减少医疗费用,提高患者服务体验满意度和医院病床等医疗资源利用效率,是一种实现患者和医院双赢的医疗模式。

贵州省辣椒制品加工过程中砷元素形态变化的研究

采用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,模拟生产加工“老干妈”辣椒酱中的烘干和油炸2个工艺,对贵州省贵阳、遵义、绥阳3个地区鲜辣椒及“老干妈”辣椒酱的3种砷形态进行本底调查。结果表明,鲜辣椒总砷的检测结果在0.016~0.076 mg/kg,“老干妈”辣椒酱中无机砷、一甲基砷和二甲基砷均小于方法检出限,且添加的3种砷形态没有明显变化,回收率为81.0%~92.3%。高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法可有效地监控“老干妈”产品生产工艺流程,保证产品质量及实用安全。

QuEChERS-同位素内标-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中植物生长调节剂类农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中植物生长调节剂类农药残留量的方法。选取猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、猪肝、鸡蛋和牛奶作为样品,样品经乙腈提取,4 g无水硫酸镁(MgSO_(4))和1 g氯化钠(NaCl)盐析脱水后,取上清液经50 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)+50 mg十八烷基硅烷(C18)粉末净化(含150 mg MgSO_(4))。采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱分离待测物,电喷雾电离,正负离子切换多反应检测模式检测,以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,基质匹配内标法定量。在猪肝、鸡蛋基质中,矮壮素、噻苯隆和多效唑在0.1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好;在猪肉、牛肉和鸡肉中3种植物生长调节剂在0.1~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好;在牛奶基质中,噻苯隆和多效唑的线性范围为0.05~10μg/L,矮壮素的线性范围为0.05~5μg/L,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.990。以信噪比(S/N)≥3对应的添加水平作为检出限(LOD),S/N≥10对应的添加水平作为定量限(LOQ),矮壮素、噻苯隆和多效唑在不同基质下的LOD为0.01~0.1μg/kg,LOQ为0.5~5μg/kg。分别添加LOQ、2倍LOQ和10倍LOQ 3个水平的目标化合物,平均回收率为70.0%~117.4%,RSD为0.8%~16.1%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,采用基质匹配内标法定量,能最大限度地消除基质干扰,使检测结果更加精确,可满足动物源性食品中矮壮素、噻苯隆和多效唑残留的定量检测工作。

气相色谱-串联质谱同位素内标法测定果蔬食品中有机锡类农药残留

建立气相色谱-串联质谱同位素内标法测定蔬菜水果中三环锡、三唑锡、薯瘟锡、毒菌锡和苯丁锡等有机锡类农药残留的分析检测方法。样品经过1%冰醋酸-乙腈溶液提取,四乙基硼化钠衍生后用PC/NH_2-SPE固相萃取柱净化,使用正己烷-丙酮(99:1,V/V)洗脱,采用EI源进行测定。结果表明,在0.05~1.00 mg/L质量浓度范围内,3种有机锡类农药呈良好线性,相关系数均在0.998以上,在0.04、0.10、0.20 mg/kg三个添加水平下,阴性样品中有机锡的回收率范围在81.64%~106.23%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.33%(n=6)。三环锡、薯瘟锡和苯丁锡的方法定量限分别为0.01、0.009和0.039 mg/kg。该方法稳定可靠,灵敏度高,可用于水果蔬菜等农产品中有机锡类农药的测定,并对其他食品中有机锡类农药的测定方法提供了参考依据。

不同提取方法提取辣椒及其制品中DNA效果研究

采用CTAB法、SDS法、吸附柱法对辣椒及其制品中的基因组DNA进行提取,分别通过核酸蛋白测定仪、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、实时荧光PCR扩增检测。结果表明,CTAB法、SDS法、吸附柱法均能从鲜辣椒、干辣椒、油辣椒、辣椒酱中抽提得到DNA,从核酸蛋白测定仪检测得到的DNA提取物OD260/OD280值可看出,CTAB法和SDS法提取的DNA纯度较吸附柱法的低;DNA样品的琼脂糖凝胶电泳发现,各样品均无大范围明显拖尾,说明DNA提取完整度较好;实时荧光PCR检测分析3种提取方法的不同样品基因组DNA均出现PCR扩增曲线。经试验比较确定,提取方法的效率由高到低依次为吸附柱法>SDS法>CTAB法。可见,吸附柱法最适用于辣椒及其制品中核酸提取。

抗CMV转基因辣椒实时荧光PCR检测方法研究

针对辣椒中转基因成分建立快速、高效、准确的实时荧光PCR检测方法,以缩短检测周期,提高检出率。结果表明,针对转基因辣椒的内源基因CaATL1和外源基因CMV建立的检测方法,具有很好的特异性,二者检测灵敏度均可达0.01%。本研究建立的检测方法特异性、灵敏度和准确度高,也比较方便快速,同时使用的是全部闭管操作,大大降低了普通PCR带来的污染,为转基因辣椒的检测提供了新的检验方法。

Hazard Analysis and Primary Prevention and Treatment Report of Diseases and Pests in Export Blueberry Base in Majiang County

To fully understand occurrence and damage status of pests and diseases in export blueberry,systematic survey was conducted in Majiang export blueberry bases in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015. A total of 21 kinds of pests and diseases were found on blueberry,including 10 kinds of diseases and 11 kinds of pests. Comprehensive analysis of pests and diseases and their damage degree revealed that pests and diseases causing severe damage were gray mold,scarab and fruit fly,while gray mold and fruit fly might seriously affect the export of blueberry. The prevention and control measures against gray mold and fruit fly were summarized.

A linear ADRC-based robust high-dynamic double-loop servo system for aircraft electro-mechanical actuators

Compared with traditional hydraulic actuators, an Electro-Mechanical Actuator(EMA)is small in size and light in weight, so it has become more widely used. Aerodynamic load on aircraft control surface varies dramatically, and a change of flight environment leads to uncertainties of motor parameters. Therefore, high-dynamic response and strong anti-disturbance capability of an EMA are of great significance for aircraft rudder control and flight attitude adjustment. In order to improve dynamic response and disturbance rejection of an EMA and simplify control parameters tuning, a robust high-dynamic servo system based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control(LADRC) is proposed for an EMA employing a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM).Firstly, total disturbances of the EMA are analyzed, including parameter uncertainties, load variation, and static friction. A disturbance observer based on a reduced-order Extended State Observer(ESO) is designed to improve the anti-interference ability and dynamic performance. Secondly, the servo control architecture is simplified to a double-loop system, and a composite control of position and speed with acceleration feed-forward is presented to improve the EMA frequency bandwidth.Thirdly, the ideal model of the EMA is transformed into a simple cascade integral form with a disturbance observer, which makes it convenient to analyze and design the controller. Robustness performance comparisons are realized in frequency domain. Finally, simulation and experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for EMAs.