Generation of Tough Poly(glycolic acid)(PGA)/Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)(PBSA)Films with High Gas Barrier Performance through In situ Nanofibrillation of PBSA under an Elongational Flow Field

Poly(glycolic acid)(PGA)is derived from glycolide obtained by fermenting pineapples or sugarcane,which has excellent gas barrier properties and a small carbon footprint.PGA is a potential substitute for the current aluminum-plastic composite films used in high barrier packaging applications.However,its poor ductility and narrow processing window limit its application in food packaging.Herein,poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)(PBSA)was used to fabricate PGA/PBSA blend films through an in situ fibrillation technique and blown film extrusion.Under the elongational flow field used during the extrusion process,a unique hierarchical structure based on the PBSA nanofibrils and interfacially oriented PGA crystals was obtained.This structure enhances the strength,ductility and gas barrier properties of the PGA/PBSA blend film.In addition,an epoxy chain extender(ADR4468)was used as a compatibilizer to further enhance the interfacial adhesion between PGA and PBSA.70PGA/0.7ADR exhibited a very low oxygen permeability(2.34×10^(-4)Barrer)with significantly high elongating at break(604.4%),tensile strength(47.4 MPa),and transparency,which were superior to those of petroleum-based polymers.Thus,the 70PGA/0.7ADR blown films could satisfy the requirements for most instant foods such as coffee,peanuts,and fresh meat.

Influence of sigma phase on corrosion and mechanical properties of 2707 hyper-duplex stainless steel aged for short periods

2707 hyper-duplex stainless steels (HDSSs) contain high contents of alloying elements (Cr, Ni, Mo and N), which may shorten the incubation period and promote both nucleation and growth of sigma (σ) phase. 2707 HDSS was first aged at different temperatures and periods of time for drawing the time-temperature-transformation profiles. The results identified the main precipitates as σ phase, with nose temperature of about 950℃. Also, 2707 specimen was aged at 950℃ for a short time, and the morphology, distribution and amount of σ phase were examined through the scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction,σ phase was initially formed at the boundaries of ferrite and austenite and then transformed through the eutectoid reaction (α→σ+γ2). Finally, the precipitation and growth of σ phase in 2707 steels aged at nose temperature for a short period reduced the corrosion resistance and deteriorated the mechanical properties, and the corresponding reason was further analyzed.

Surface adsorption and diffusion of N on γ-Fe-Al (111) using first principles calculations

The adsorption and diffusion of N on γ-Fe-Al (111) surface have been investigated using the first principle calculations combined with density functional theory to explore the formation mechanism of AlN in the oxidation process of austenitic stainless steel. The results indicate that the most preferential adsorption site of N on the surface of γ-Fe (111) is fcc-hollow site. In addition, the stable positions are located at fcc adsorption site on clean and Al-doped γ-Fe (111) surface adsorbed 4.76 at.% N. Compared with the pure Fe system,γ-Fe-Al (111) system reduces the energy difference of N from the surface to the bulk. The system is most stable for 9.09 at.% N adsorbed on the octahedral interstice of the 2nd and 3rd atom interlamination of γ-Fe-Al (111) surface. Thus, the doping of Al makes it easier to spread N on the surface of γ-Fe (111). The increase in N in the atmosphere also accelerates the diffusion. Moreover, according to the density of states analysis, the interaction between Al and N was enhanced when 9.09 at.% N was adsorbed on the surface of γ-Fe-Al (111).

Direct chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on Ni particles using solid carbon sources

Graphene has attained a considerable amount of popularity as an attractive ultra-thin reinforcement for nickel(Ni)matrix composites in recent years.However,its excellent reinforcement efficiency is suffered from the agglomeration of graphene nanosheets in manufacturing process and the poor bonding strength of graphene with Ni matrix.To overcome these two problems,one of the efficient strategies is to in-situ grow graphene reinforcements on Ni particles for powder metallurgy.This work aims to synthesize uniform graphene@Ni composite particles by using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)as the solid sources for chemical vapor deposition(CVD)process.The results demonstrate that few-layer or multilayer graphene with different morphologies can be grown on the particles by controlling the PMMA content and annealed temperature,respectively.The optimum condition for the formation of high-quality few-layer graphene is 1.0 mg·ml^(-1) PMMA and 900℃.A competition mechanism rises from the growth kinetic,and the spatial confinement effect has led to the formation of graphene with different microstructures and morphologies.