Leaf shape is highly variable within and among plant species,ranging from slender to oval shaped.This is largely determined by the proximodistal axis of growth.However,little is known about how proximal–distal growth...Leaf shape is highly variable within and among plant species,ranging from slender to oval shaped.This is largely determined by the proximodistal axis of growth.However,little is known about how proximal–distal growth is controlled to determine leaf shape.Here,we show that Arabidopsis leaf and sepal proximodistal growth is tuned by two phytohormones.Two class A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs(ARFs),ARF6 and ARF8,activate the transcription of DWARF4,which encodes a key brassinosteroid(BR)biosynthetic enzyme.At the cellular level,the phytohormones promote more directional cell expansion along the proximodistal axis,as well as final cell sizes.BRs promote the demethyl-esterification of cell wall pectins,leading to isotropic in-plane cell wall loosening.Notably,numerical simulation showed that isotropic cell wall loosening could lead to directional cell and organ growth along the proximodistal axis.Taken together,we show that auxin acts through biosynthesis of BRs to determine cell wall mechanics and directional cell growth to generate leaves of variable roundness.展开更多
Dear Editor, Alternative splicing （AS） functions as a key regulatory mechanism and increases transcriptome and proteome diversity. Recent genome-wide studies have substantially expanded our estimation of the frequen...Dear Editor, Alternative splicing （AS） functions as a key regulatory mechanism and increases transcriptome and proteome diversity. Recent genome-wide studies have substantially expanded our estimation of the frequency of AS in plants （Reddy et al., 2013; Staiger and Brown, 2013）. However, the proportion of AS events that lead to increased proteome diversity in plants, rather than imperfect Dre-mRNA processing. remains unsolved. Here.展开更多
Plants developed branching as an evolutionary mechanism to adapt to their sessile nature. In seed plants, branching requires the postembryonic initiation of axillary meristems (AMs). AMs are initiated in the leaf axil...Plants developed branching as an evolutionary mechanism to adapt to their sessile nature. In seed plants, branching requires the postembryonic initiation of axillary meristems (AMs). AMs are initiated in the leaf axils, where the boundary region separates the leaves from the stem. AMs share comparable developmental potential as the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and form axillary buds, which may either develop into branches or remain dormant.展开更多
In recent years,more and more single-cell technologies have been developed.A vast amount of single-cell omics data has been generated by large projects,such as the Human Cell Atlas,the Mouse Cell Atlas,the Mouse RNA A...In recent years,more and more single-cell technologies have been developed.A vast amount of single-cell omics data has been generated by large projects,such as the Human Cell Atlas,the Mouse Cell Atlas,the Mouse RNA Atlas,the Mouse ATAC Atlas,and the Plant Cell Atlas.Based on these single-cell big data,thousands of bioinformatics algorithms for quality control,clustering,cell-type annotation,developmental inference,cell-cell transition,cell-cell interaction,and spatial analysis are developed.With powerful experimental single-cell technology and state-of-the-art big data analysis methods based on artificial intelligence,the molecular landscape at the single-cell level can be revealed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants 31825002 and 31861143021the Key Research Project of the Frontier Science of CAS grant ZDBS-LY-SM012,and the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS grant XDA24020203.Y.W.acknowledges the National Key R&D Program of China grant 2019YFA0903902 and NSFC grant 31871245.F.D.was supported by a Young Scientists Fund of NSFC(grant 32000507).C.T.was supported by NSFC grants 31961133010 and 31970805the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(award 2017139).
文摘Leaf shape is highly variable within and among plant species,ranging from slender to oval shaped.This is largely determined by the proximodistal axis of growth.However,little is known about how proximal–distal growth is controlled to determine leaf shape.Here,we show that Arabidopsis leaf and sepal proximodistal growth is tuned by two phytohormones.Two class A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs(ARFs),ARF6 and ARF8,activate the transcription of DWARF4,which encodes a key brassinosteroid(BR)biosynthetic enzyme.At the cellular level,the phytohormones promote more directional cell expansion along the proximodistal axis,as well as final cell sizes.BRs promote the demethyl-esterification of cell wall pectins,leading to isotropic in-plane cell wall loosening.Notably,numerical simulation showed that isotropic cell wall loosening could lead to directional cell and organ growth along the proximodistal axis.Taken together,we show that auxin acts through biosynthesis of BRs to determine cell wall mechanics and directional cell growth to generate leaves of variable roundness.
基金This work was supported by a National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） grant 2012CB910902, National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 31222033, 31300298, and 31171159, National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals, and by the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics （through grant SKLPG2011/A0 103）.
文摘Dear Editor, Alternative splicing （AS） functions as a key regulatory mechanism and increases transcriptome and proteome diversity. Recent genome-wide studies have substantially expanded our estimation of the frequency of AS in plants （Reddy et al., 2013; Staiger and Brown, 2013）. However, the proportion of AS events that lead to increased proteome diversity in plants, rather than imperfect Dre-mRNA processing. remains unsolved. Here.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China grant 2019YFA0903900the Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31871245Bureau of National Tobacco grant 110202001021(JY-04)。
文摘Plants developed branching as an evolutionary mechanism to adapt to their sessile nature. In seed plants, branching requires the postembryonic initiation of axillary meristems (AMs). AMs are initiated in the leaf axils, where the boundary region separates the leaves from the stem. AMs share comparable developmental potential as the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and form axillary buds, which may either develop into branches or remain dormant.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26040304,XDB38050200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102182,31961133010,31970805)+1 种基金Jinfeng Laboratory,Chongqing,China(jfkyjf202203001)The Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017139).
文摘In recent years,more and more single-cell technologies have been developed.A vast amount of single-cell omics data has been generated by large projects,such as the Human Cell Atlas,the Mouse Cell Atlas,the Mouse RNA Atlas,the Mouse ATAC Atlas,and the Plant Cell Atlas.Based on these single-cell big data,thousands of bioinformatics algorithms for quality control,clustering,cell-type annotation,developmental inference,cell-cell transition,cell-cell interaction,and spatial analysis are developed.With powerful experimental single-cell technology and state-of-the-art big data analysis methods based on artificial intelligence,the molecular landscape at the single-cell level can be revealed.
