The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has play...The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.展开更多
Erianthus arundinaceum, a related species of the most important sugar crop Saccharum, and is an essential gene resource for stress and disease resistance in sugarcane breeding. Colchicine is the most common and effect...Erianthus arundinaceum, a related species of the most important sugar crop Saccharum, and is an essential gene resource for stress and disease resistance in sugarcane breeding. Colchicine is the most common and effective chemical inducer in polyploid breeding at present. To detect the effects of colchicine on callus induction and shoot regeneration, E. arundinaceus ＇ Yun 83-183＇, with the chromosome of 2n = 60, was used as the material for studying the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and colchicine, treatment time and culture methods on callus induction and shoot regeneration. The results indicated, when the callus was cultured for 7 d in solid medium with 0.07% colchicine or 0.5 d in liquid medium with 0.05% colchicine, callus had no ability of shoot regeneration, which meant that in liquid culture, colchicine had not only high inhibitory effect on callus, but also lower concentration and shorter treatment time than solid culture; when the concentration of colchicine was 0.03% and callus was cultured for 7 d in solid medium or 0.5 d in liquid mhdium, the resistant callus rate and resistant bud rate were the highest, although the resistant callus rates were all about 88.00% and had no significant difference between solid culture and liquid culture, the resistance bud rate was only 6.00% in liquid culture, 16.22% lower than in solid culture, which meant that solid culture was more effective than liquid culture at the same colchicine concentration. For E. arundinaceus ＇ Yun 83-183＇ , the best concentration of 2,4-D was 2 mg/L, the best concentration of colchicine was 0.03%, and the best effect of callus induction and shoot regeneration was achieved within 7 d of solid culture. This study would provide fundamental information for chromosome doubling of E. arundinaceus in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Startup Foundation from Nantong University (03083074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070544)。
文摘The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-170101)Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program of Yunnan Province(2014HC015)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project for Benefiting the People in Yunnan Province(Agriculture)(2014RA059)Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(2015ZA001)
文摘Erianthus arundinaceum, a related species of the most important sugar crop Saccharum, and is an essential gene resource for stress and disease resistance in sugarcane breeding. Colchicine is the most common and effective chemical inducer in polyploid breeding at present. To detect the effects of colchicine on callus induction and shoot regeneration, E. arundinaceus ＇ Yun 83-183＇, with the chromosome of 2n = 60, was used as the material for studying the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and colchicine, treatment time and culture methods on callus induction and shoot regeneration. The results indicated, when the callus was cultured for 7 d in solid medium with 0.07% colchicine or 0.5 d in liquid medium with 0.05% colchicine, callus had no ability of shoot regeneration, which meant that in liquid culture, colchicine had not only high inhibitory effect on callus, but also lower concentration and shorter treatment time than solid culture; when the concentration of colchicine was 0.03% and callus was cultured for 7 d in solid medium or 0.5 d in liquid mhdium, the resistant callus rate and resistant bud rate were the highest, although the resistant callus rates were all about 88.00% and had no significant difference between solid culture and liquid culture, the resistance bud rate was only 6.00% in liquid culture, 16.22% lower than in solid culture, which meant that solid culture was more effective than liquid culture at the same colchicine concentration. For E. arundinaceus ＇ Yun 83-183＇ , the best concentration of 2,4-D was 2 mg/L, the best concentration of colchicine was 0.03%, and the best effect of callus induction and shoot regeneration was achieved within 7 d of solid culture. This study would provide fundamental information for chromosome doubling of E. arundinaceus in the future.
