Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe an...Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe and recently the UK and its arrival has been associated with the significant loss of resident species. Despite this, studies of its behavioral ecology are sparse, even though its be- havior may contribute to its invasion success. For the first time, we investigated antipredator ＂fleeing＂ behavior in D. villosus and how this changed with water temperature. Three key patterns emerged from our analysis. First, within a particular temperature condition there are moderate but consistent among-individual differences in behavior. These are driven by a combination of mean level among-individual differences and within-individual relative consistency in behavior, and pro- vide the key marker for animal personalities. Second, the fleeing responses were not influenced by temperature and third, regardless of temperature, all individuals appeared to habituate to a repeated nondangerous stimulus, indicating a capacity for individual learning. We suggest that the antipreda- tor behavior of D. villosus contributes to its rapid spread and that consistent among-individual differ- ences in behavior may promote biological invasions across heterogeneous conditions. Robustness to changing water temperatures may also be potentially advantageous, particularly in an era of glo- bal climate change, where average temperatures could be elevated and less predictable.展开更多
文摘Freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are under threat from biological invasions. The ＂killer shrimp＂ Dikerogammarus villosus is a highly predatory amphipod that has spread readily across Central Europe and recently the UK and its arrival has been associated with the significant loss of resident species. Despite this, studies of its behavioral ecology are sparse, even though its be- havior may contribute to its invasion success. For the first time, we investigated antipredator ＂fleeing＂ behavior in D. villosus and how this changed with water temperature. Three key patterns emerged from our analysis. First, within a particular temperature condition there are moderate but consistent among-individual differences in behavior. These are driven by a combination of mean level among-individual differences and within-individual relative consistency in behavior, and pro- vide the key marker for animal personalities. Second, the fleeing responses were not influenced by temperature and third, regardless of temperature, all individuals appeared to habituate to a repeated nondangerous stimulus, indicating a capacity for individual learning. We suggest that the antipreda- tor behavior of D. villosus contributes to its rapid spread and that consistent among-individual differ- ences in behavior may promote biological invasions across heterogeneous conditions. Robustness to changing water temperatures may also be potentially advantageous, particularly in an era of glo- bal climate change, where average temperatures could be elevated and less predictable.
