A cell transcriptomic profile p ovides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development

Background Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.Results Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages(d 90 of gestation, G90;d 0 after lactation, L0;d 20 after lactation, L20;2 d post natural involution, PI2;7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation(G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation(L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution(PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.Conclusion The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.

Purification of copper foils driven by single crystallization

High-purity copper(Cu) with excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, is crucial in modern technological applications, including heat exchangers, integrated circuits, and superconducting magnets. The current purification process is mainly based on the zone/electrolytic refining or anion exchange, however, which excessively relies on specific integrated equipment with ultra-high vacuum or chemical solution environment, and is also bothered by external contaminants and energy consumption. Here we report a simple approach to purify the Cu foils from 99.9%(3N) to 99.99%(4N) by a temperature-gradient thermal annealing technique, accompanied by the kinetic evolution of single crystallization of Cu.The success of purification mainly relies on(i) the segregation of elements with low effective distribution coefficient driven by grain-boundary movements and(ii) the high-temperature evaporation of elements with high saturated vapor pressure.The purified Cu foils display higher flexibility(elongation of 70%) and electrical conductivity(104% IACS) than that of the original commercial rolled Cu foils(elongation of 10%, electrical conductivity of ~ 100% IACS). Our results provide an effective strategy to optimize the as-produced metal medium, and therefore will facilitate the potential applications of Cu foils in precision electronic products and high-frequency printed circuit boards.

Topological Structure-Modulated Collagen Carbon as Two-in-One Energy Storage Configuration toward Ultrahigh Power and Energy Density

Efficient energy storage devices with suitable electrode materials,that integrate high power and high energy,are the crucial requisites of the renewable power source,which have unwrapped new possibilities in the sustainable development of energy and the environment.Herein,a facile collagen microstructure modulation strategy is proposed to construct a nitrogen/oxygen dual-doped hierarchically porous carbon fiber with ultrahigh specific surface area(2788 m^(2)g^(-1))and large pore volume(4.56 cm^(3)g^(-1))via local microfibrous breakage/disassembly of natural structured proteins.Combining operando spectroscopy and density functional theory unveil that the dual-heteroatom doping could effectively regulate the electronic structure of carbon atom framework with enhanced electric conductivity and electronegativity as well as decreased diffusion resistance in favor of rapid pseudocapacitive-dominated Li^(+)-storage(353 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)).Theoretical calculations reveal that the tailored micro-/mesoporous structures favor the rapid charge transfer and ion storage,synergistically realizing high capacity and superior rate performance for NPCF-H cathode(75.0 mAh g^(-1)at 30 A g^(-1)).The assembled device with NPCF-H as both anode and cathode achieves extremely high energy density(200 Wh kg^(-1))with maximum power density(42600 W kg^(-1))and ultralong lifespan(80%capacity retention over 10000 cycles).

Roles of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in pathological changes of hip dysplasia and hip reconstructive surgery

Combined femoral and acetabular anteversion is the sum of femoral and acetabular anteversion,representing their morphological relationship in the axial plane.Along with the increasing understanding of hip dysplasia in recent years,numerous scholars have confirmed the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in the pathological changes of hip dysplasia.At present,the reconstructive surgery for hip dysplasia includes total hip replacement and redirectional hip preservation surgery.As an important surgery index,combined femoral and acetabular anteversion have a crucial role in these surgeries.Herein,we discuss the role of combined femoral and acetabular anteversion in pathological changes of hip dysplasia,total hip replacement,and redirectional hip preservation surgery.

Effective time, correction speed and termination time of hemiepiphysiodesis in children

In children with asymmetric growth on the medial and lateral side of limbs,if there still remains growth potential,the guided growth technique of hemiepiphysiodesis on one side of the epiphysis is recognized as a safe and effective method.However,when the hemi-epiphysiodesis start to correct the deformities,how many degrees could hemi-epiphysiodesis bring every month and when to remove the hemi-epiphysiodesis implant without rebound phenomenon are still on debate.This article reviews the current studies focus on the effective time,correction speed and termination time of hemi-epiphysiodesis.

聚丙烯酰胺/聚甲基丙烯酸(2-甲基氨基)乙酯高强度双网络水凝胶的制备及pH响应性

利用两步法合成了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/聚甲基丙烯酸(2-甲基氨基)乙酯(PDMAEMA)双网络水凝胶,第一网络为锂藻土(Laponite)物理交联的PAM纳米复合水凝胶,第二网络为化学交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)交联PD-MAEMA。研究了2种网络相对含量、纳米黏土Laponite用量、化学交联剂BIS用量对水凝胶强度和pH响应性的影响。研究结果表明,PAM/PDMAEMA双网络水凝胶具有高强度,改变单体AM和DMAEMA的配比、交联剂的用量,其拉伸强度在36~91.9kPa范围内可调。PAM/PDMAEMA双网络水凝胶还具有灵敏的pH刺激响应性,在pH=4时双网络水凝胶溶胀度急剧下降。

A Case of Diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Objective: To report a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei accidentally discovered during preoperative examination and review relevant literature to improve the early diagnosis of the origin of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Methods: To analyze a case accidentally discovered due to abdominal distension in our hospital in October 2023. Combined with domestic and foreign literature, the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of PMP were discussed. Results: The patient was admitted due to abdominal distension with no other specific discomfort. Mucinous tumors were found during imaging examinations. Conclusion: PMP is a rare disease, and clinical manifestations often include abdominal distension. It is usually first discovered through imaging examinations such as ultrasound, CT or MRI. CRS and HIPEC are still recommended as the standard treatment for PMP.

快速城镇化背景下天津市东丽区内外综合协调持续发展探索

基于天津市东丽区国家可持续发展实验区建设过程的实地调查,分析了东丽区可持续发展面临的主要问题及关键制约因素。总结了东丽区可持续发展的基本思路及模式。东丽区以功能区划调整为核心,以转变发展观念、创新发展模式、提高发展质量为主线,确定了内外综合协调发展实验的发展主题,以生态资源保护利用、生态新型产业发展、生态特色环境改善、生态文化城区建设为创建特色,以提高人民群众物质文化生活水平和促进社会全面进步为宗旨,以建设生态工程、兴办生态产业、创立生态品牌、发展生态经济为主要内容,以生态崛起、健康发展、社会进步为总体目标,提出了构建经济、社会与环境协调发展的智慧东丽的建设与发展思路,以期在局部地区探索实现生态环境、生产能力和生活水平同步发展和生态效益、社会效益和经济效益同步增长的新路径,为中国可持续发展战略的全面实施提供经验。东丽区在快速城镇化进程中的可持续发展对策主要包括两点:其一为经济向高端转型,推动医药、汽车等特色产业的科技化发展,借助京津冀协同发展之势,依靠大项目建设和好项目引进,精炼并深化区域产业链,将园区提升改造作为重点,为高端产业发展拓展空间;其二为农村向城市转型,以示范小城镇建设为依托积极推进“智慧东丽”建设,推行“三区联动”,形成典型经验。

Logistic回归模型在乳腺小结节超声鉴别诊断中的应用

目的筛选出乳腺小结节(直径≤1 cm)良、恶性鉴别诊断的超声征象,建立Logistic预报回归模型。方法回顾性分析215例女性乳腺小结节患者的临床资料,以病理结果为因变量,超声征象及年龄作为自变量,建立二分类Logistic回归模型,绘制ROC曲线,评价回归模型的预测能力。结果经Logistic回归分析内部回声均匀性、形态、边缘特征、纵横比、血流分级、血流阻力指数、高回声声晕、微钙化、同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大及年龄进入回归方程。不同超声特征经Logistic回归分析中最大似然比分析,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Logistic回归模型与术前超声诊断正确率分别为94.2%和87.2%。Logistic回归模型的曲线下面积为0.918(95%CI:0.873,0.963)。结论基于超声征象建立的Logistic回归模型有较高的预报准确率和临床实用性。

二甲双胍抗肿瘤治疗的临床研究进展

二甲双胍不仅是最广泛使用的口服降糖药之一,还表现出降血糖作用外的多种疗效,如保护心脏作用、改善血脂作用及可能的抗癌作用。流行病学数据也显示服用二甲双胍的患者癌症发病率和死亡率均降低。随着研究的开展,二甲双胍作为一种潜在辅助抗癌药物引起了广泛关注。围绕二甲双胍作用机制及疗效的临床试验在不同癌种中陆续开展,随着更多临床试验的结果公布,二甲双胍与化疗、放疗、分子靶向药物或免疫治疗等联合治疗的效果以及对治疗前后某些代谢分子的表达影响均获得验证,为二甲双胍联合治疗癌症提供了更为明确的证据,有助于促进二甲双胍作为辅助抗癌剂的临床应用。

少溶剂固态化学反应制备铵光卤石

固态化学反应的热力学分析指出,固态化学反应具有“一旦发生,就必完全”的特征;该特征不会因为少量溶剂的存在而消失。本文使用按1:1摩尔比混合的氯化铵和六水合氯化镁的固体进行反应,只使用刚刚淹没固体的水来促进二者之间的反应,结果发现,在室温下30 min左右,它们全部转化成了铵光卤石(NH_(4)Cl·MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,六水合氯化铵镁)。本实验有助于将少溶剂固态化学反应的概念引入学生的知识库,并籍此推进化学过程的绿色化。它还可以使学生学到如何冻结化学反应,使之适合于离位化学反应动力学研究的方法。

一种交联点可“滑动”的滑动轮凝胶的制备进展及思考

滑动轮凝胶具有"8"字型双环结构的交联点,这种交联点可以沿聚合物链发生滑移,受外力作用时,应力不仅集中在某一条链段,而可以通过滑轮效应分散到由双环结构交联的邻近链段。独特的结构赋予其普通化学或物理凝胶所不具备的性质。文中综述了这类凝胶的制备方法,通常首先制备出聚轮烷,再将聚轮烷上的环状分子桥连得到。后来又有先制备出聚轮烷,再将聚轮烷上的环糊精双键化改性作为一种通用型交联剂,将滑动效应引入更多的凝胶材料。还有先将环糊精引入双键,再将其制备成聚轮烷,目前已有成功实例。文中还介绍了其他多种将环糊精引入双键的改性实例,为制备具有滑动效应的聚轮烷交联剂提供一些思路。指出基于成本更低的β-环糊精制备的滑动轮凝胶也许更具备商业应用价值。

A Security Enhancement Model Based on Switching Edge Strategy in Interdependent Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems

With the advent of cross-domain interconnection,large-scale sensor network systems such as smart grids,smart homes,and intelligent transportation have emerged.These complex network systems often have a CPS(Cyber-Physical System)architecture and are usually composed of multiple interdependent systems.Minimal faults between interdependent networks may cause serious cascading failures between the entire system.Therefore,in this paper,we will explore the robustness detection schemes for interdependent networks.Firstly,by calculating the largest giant connected component in the entire system,the security of interdependent network systems under different attack models is analyzed.Secondly,a comparative analysis of the cascade failure mechanism between interdependent networks under the edge enhancement strategy is carried out.Finally,the simulation results verify the impact of system reliability under different handover edge strategies and show how to choose a better handover strategy to enhance its robustness.The further research work in this paper can also help design how to reduce the interdependence between systems,thereby further optimizing the interdependent network system’s structure to provide practical support for reducing the cascading failures.In the later work,we hope to explore our proposed strategies in the network model of real-world or close to real networks.

Scrolled Production of Large-Scale Continuous Graphene on Copper Foils

We report an efficient and economical way for mass production of large-scale graphene films with high quality and uniformity.By using the designed scrolled copper-graphite structure,a continuous graphene film with typical area of 200×39 cm^2 could be obtained in 15 min,and the production rate of the graphene film and space utilization rate of the CVD reactor can reach 520 cm 2⋅min−1 and 0.38 cm−1⋅min−1,respectively.Our method provides a guidance for the industrial production of graphene films,and may also accelerate its large-scale applications.

Adolescence dysfunctional uterine bleeding:perspectives from the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine

Because their endocrine system is not yet developmentally mature,adolescent girls are prone to dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by insufficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.The view of modern medicine is mainly aimed at the secretory function of sex hormones,such as estrogen and progesterone.However,it causes distress to patients because of the susceptibility of their treatment to endocrine system disorders.Traditional Chinese medicine considers the damage to the function of the Conception Vessel and Thoroughfare Vessel as the key to the disease.In this way,we guide the use of traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture and achieve good results.The pathogenesis and management of functional uterine bleeding in adolescence are discussed from two medical perspectives in this article.

A Comparative Study of Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation, Surgery and Rotational Adenomammectomy for Benign Breast Nodules

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of conventional surgery, ultrasound-guided microwave ablation and rotational adenomammectomy on the prognosis of benign breast nodules. Methods: 232 cases of patients with benign breast nodules confirmed by pathological examination who received surgical treatment in the breast surgery department of our hospital from December 2016 to December 2020 were included. According to the surgical methods, they were divided into microwave ablation group (n = 48), conventional surgery group (n = 105) and rotational adenomammectomy group (n = 79). The clinical parameters were compared and analyzed between the three groups, and the postoperative pain, residual tumor, breast beauty and complication rate of the patients were evaluated. Results: Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, healing time and postoperative pain in microwave ablation group were lower than those of rotational adenomammectomy group (P < 0.05) and those of conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Besides, those in the rotational adenomammectomy group were lower than those in the conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). The residual tumor rates in microwave ablation group and rotational adenomammectomy group were 4.17% and 3.80%, respectively. And the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both of them were lower than 6.66% in conventional surgery group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The effective rates of breast beauty were 91.67%, 82.28% and 68.58% in the microwave ablation group, the rotational adenomammectomy group and the conventional surgery group, respectively. And the difference between groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rate of postoperative complications in microwave ablation group and rotational adenomammectomy group were 4.17% and 3.80% respectively, both of which were significantly lower than 6.66% in conventional surgery group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Microwave ablation, rotational adenomammectomy and conventional surgery are effective for the treatment of benign breast tumors. Among them, microwave ablation is the best option with many advantages of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, more beautiful breast shape, less postoperative pain, a lower residual rate after surgery, and a lower complication rate.

A Computer-Aided Tuning Method for Microwave Filters by Combing T-S Fuzzy Neural Networks and Improved Space Mapping

A computer-aided tuning method that combines T-S fuzzy neural network(TS FNN)and offers improved space mapping(SM)is presented in this study.This method consists of three main aspects.First,the coupling matrix is effectively extracted under the influence of phase shift and cavity loss after the initial tuning.Second,the surrogate model is realized by using a T-S FNN based on subspace clustering.Third,the mapping relationship between the actual and the surrogate models is established by the improved space mapping algorithm,and the optimal position of the tuning screws are found by updating the input and output parameters of the surrogate model.Finally,the effectiveness of different methods is verified by an experiment with a nine order cross coupled filter.Experimental results show that,compared to a back propagation neural network method based on electromagnetic simulation and an SM method based on a least squares support vector machine,the proposed method has obvious advantages in terms of tuning accuracy and tuning time.

Tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

Optical fiber temperature sensors have been widely employed in enormous areas ranging from electric power industry,medical treatment,ocean dynamics to aerospace.Recently,graphene optical fiber temperature sensors attract tremendous attention for their merits of simple structure and direct power detecting ability.However,these sensors based on transfer techniques still have limitations in the relatively low sensitivity or distortion of the transmission characteristics,due to the unsuitable Fermi level of graphene and the destruction of fiber structure,respectively.Here,we propose a tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber(Gr-PCF)with the non-destructive integration of graphene into the holes of PCF.This hybrid structure promises the intact fiber structure and transmission mode,which efficiently enhances the temperature detection ability of graphene.From our simulation,we find that the temperature sensitivity can be electrically tuned over four orders of magnitude and achieve up to~3.34×10^(-3) dB/(cm·℃)when the graphene Fermi level is~35 meV higher than half the incident photon energy.Additionally,this sensitivity can be further improved by~10 times through optimizing the PCF structure(such as the fiber hole diameter)to enhance the light–matter interaction.Our results provide a new way for the design of the highly sensitive temperature sensors and broaden applications in all-fiber optoelectronic devices.

李新民教授治疗小儿热性惊厥间歇期经验探讨

李新民教授结合热性惊厥患儿的生理病理特点,注重间歇期调理、中西医结合,认为当首辨热性惊厥性质,发热期重视早期用药、解表为主,间歇期治疗结合小儿生理特点提出脾失健运证、脾虚肝旺证、脾胃积热证、痰湿内蕴证四大证型,同时重视对脾胃气机的调理,能有效改善患儿预后及生活质量,故予讨论。附验案1则,以资验证。

Tuning energy transfer efficiency in quantum dots mixture by controling donor/acceptor ratio

Improving the emission performance of colloidal quantum dots(QDs)is of paramount importance for their applications on light-emitting diodes(LEDs),displays and lasers.A highly promising approach is to tune the carrier recombination channels and lifetime by exploiting the energy transfer process.However,to achieve this precise emission optimization,quantitative modulation on energy transfer efficiency is highly desirable but still challenging.Here,we demonstrate a convenient approach to realize tunable energy transfer efficiency by forming QDs mixture with controllable donor/acceptor(D/A)ratio.With the mixing ratio ranging from 16/1 to 1/16,the energy transfer efficiency could be effectively tuned from near zero to~70%.For the high mixing ratio of 16/1,acceptors obtain adequate energy supplied by closely surrounding donors,leading to~2.4-fold PL enhancement.While for the low mixing ratio,the ultrafast and efficient energy extraction process directly suppresses the multi-exciton and Auger recombination in the donor,bringing about a higher threshold.The facile modulation of emission performance by controllably designed mixing ratio and quantitatively tunable energy transfer efficiency will facilitate QD-based optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.