Forward modeling and inversion of the relation model between the gas content of plume and its seismic attribute

The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate.In this study,based on established plume models and their migration sections,three amplitude-class attributes were extracted from three formations for the migration sections of five plumes,and the correlation between the gas content and seismic attribute was obtained.As the gas content increases,the amplitude attribute correspondingly increases,and the linear correlation is relatively good.Moreover,correlation coefficients between gas content and amplitude attributes are close to 1.0.By using linear fitting,the relation model between the gas content of the plume and the seismic attribute was obtained.The relation model was subsequently used to invert the gas content from a real databearing plume.Comparison of the gas content section of the plume with the attribute section and real seismic section reveals common distribution characteristics,namely,the color of the section in the lower right corner is dark.If the amplitude value is large in the seismic section of the real plume,the amplitude attribute value is also large in the corresponding attribute section,and the inverted value of the gas content is also large(because gas content and amplitude are linearly correlated),which indicates that the plume bubbles of the section in the lower right corner is intensively distributed.Finally,the obtained gas content section of the plume can reflect the distribution of the plume bubble content more simply and intuitively,from which the distribution law of seafloor bubbles can be deduced,and this lays a foundation for the further estimation of the gas content of the plume and hydrate reserves.

Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

Objective To evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia(IH)on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography(SCU).Methods From January 2016 to January 2017,boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy(OH)were enrolled in this study.The age and weight at SCU,width of the spermatic cord(SC-W),peak systolic velocity(PSV)in the spermatic artery(SA-PSV)and velocity in the pampiniform plexus(PP-V),and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia(MIH)were recorded,and the relationship among them was studied.Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group,and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group.Boys with polydactylism served as the control.One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups.Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.results A total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study(IH group 29,MIH group 26,and control group 25).SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control,respectively.There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group.After herniorrhaphy,SC-W was tapered down to normal size.SC-W,SA-PSV,and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.Conclusion PSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH,and PP-V was negatively correlated;herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.