AIM: To assess the role of PCA3 urine test in the management of patients with suspected prostate cancer after repeat negative prostate biopsies.METHODS: Patients with suspected prostate cancer eitherdue to high or ris...AIM: To assess the role of PCA3 urine test in the management of patients with suspected prostate cancer after repeat negative prostate biopsies.METHODS: Patients with suspected prostate cancer eitherdue to high or rising prostate specific antigen(PSA) levels and with a history of prostate biopsy who were candidates for repeat procedure were prospectively recruited to undergo PCA3 urine test. The recommendations on further management including the decision whether to proceed or not to the biopsy were made based on the PCA3 score. Patients' adherence with the recommendations and influence of the PCA3 test on clinical decision making were assessed. The contribution of the multivariate model was measured with a decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-six patients were recruited to the study and underwent the PCA3 test. Twenty-six percent of 263 patients underwent prostate biopsy despite the low risk designation by PCA3 and 30% of 93 men did not proceed to biopsy despite a high risk result, rendering overall adherence of 73%. The variables that significantly correlated with adherence were positive family history of prostate cancer and PSA more than 10 ng/m L. Pre-test clinical stage, the number and the results of previous biopsies were not associated with the adherence. The decision curve analysis gave identical results for cut-off points of 25 and 35. On multivariate analysis the model that included PCA3 score, serum PSA, family history and result of the previous biopsy best performed with Area Under the Curve of 0.77. CONCLUSION: PCA3 urine test markedly outperforms PSA in a repeat biopsy setting. Urologists and patients demonstrate substantial confidence in this analysis and tend to follow its recommendations.展开更多
As part of the persistent criticism of China on human rights,recently,it is entirely normal in Western poli-tics and media to hear China referred to as"aggressive,""belligerent"and"expansion-i...As part of the persistent criticism of China on human rights,recently,it is entirely normal in Western poli-tics and media to hear China referred to as"aggressive,""belligerent"and"expansion-ist."Such accusations,coming from the U.S.,a country that has been at war for 228 out of its 247 years of existence,is nothing if not ironic.展开更多
In late 2020,the Chinese Government announced that its goal to eliminate extreme poverty had been met.At the start of the targeted poverty alleviation program back in 2013,under 100 million people were identified as l...In late 2020,the Chinese Government announced that its goal to eliminate extreme poverty had been met.At the start of the targeted poverty alleviation program back in 2013,under 100 million people were identified as living below the poverty line;seven years later,that number dropped to zero.展开更多
China has billionaires and is a top destination for foreign direct investment. It has thousands of branches of Starbucks and KFC,along with significant private ownership of capital. It suffers from different levels of...China has billionaires and is a top destination for foreign direct investment. It has thousands of branches of Starbucks and KFC,along with significant private ownership of capital. It suffers from different levels of inequality. These factors lead many to question whether it really is what it claims to be: a socialist country.展开更多
The U.S.has made human rights a central component of its foreign policy since the Jimmy Carter administration(1977-81).Carter,seeking to improve the international image of the U.S.in the aftermath of the Viet Nam War,...The U.S.has made human rights a central component of its foreign policy since the Jimmy Carter administration(1977-81).Carter,seeking to improve the international image of the U.S.in the aftermath of the Viet Nam War,criticized human rights abuses and the lack of political freedoms in various U.S.-allied dictatorships,including Chile and Nicaragua.Such criticisms were designed not only to enhance the reputation of the U.S.internationally but also to buttress and give credibility to its ongoing ideological warfare against the socialist world.展开更多
文摘AIM: To assess the role of PCA3 urine test in the management of patients with suspected prostate cancer after repeat negative prostate biopsies.METHODS: Patients with suspected prostate cancer eitherdue to high or rising prostate specific antigen(PSA) levels and with a history of prostate biopsy who were candidates for repeat procedure were prospectively recruited to undergo PCA3 urine test. The recommendations on further management including the decision whether to proceed or not to the biopsy were made based on the PCA3 score. Patients' adherence with the recommendations and influence of the PCA3 test on clinical decision making were assessed. The contribution of the multivariate model was measured with a decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-six patients were recruited to the study and underwent the PCA3 test. Twenty-six percent of 263 patients underwent prostate biopsy despite the low risk designation by PCA3 and 30% of 93 men did not proceed to biopsy despite a high risk result, rendering overall adherence of 73%. The variables that significantly correlated with adherence were positive family history of prostate cancer and PSA more than 10 ng/m L. Pre-test clinical stage, the number and the results of previous biopsies were not associated with the adherence. The decision curve analysis gave identical results for cut-off points of 25 and 35. On multivariate analysis the model that included PCA3 score, serum PSA, family history and result of the previous biopsy best performed with Area Under the Curve of 0.77. CONCLUSION: PCA3 urine test markedly outperforms PSA in a repeat biopsy setting. Urologists and patients demonstrate substantial confidence in this analysis and tend to follow its recommendations.
文摘As part of the persistent criticism of China on human rights,recently,it is entirely normal in Western poli-tics and media to hear China referred to as"aggressive,""belligerent"and"expansion-ist."Such accusations,coming from the U.S.,a country that has been at war for 228 out of its 247 years of existence,is nothing if not ironic.
文摘In late 2020,the Chinese Government announced that its goal to eliminate extreme poverty had been met.At the start of the targeted poverty alleviation program back in 2013,under 100 million people were identified as living below the poverty line;seven years later,that number dropped to zero.
文摘China has billionaires and is a top destination for foreign direct investment. It has thousands of branches of Starbucks and KFC,along with significant private ownership of capital. It suffers from different levels of inequality. These factors lead many to question whether it really is what it claims to be: a socialist country.
文摘The U.S.has made human rights a central component of its foreign policy since the Jimmy Carter administration(1977-81).Carter,seeking to improve the international image of the U.S.in the aftermath of the Viet Nam War,criticized human rights abuses and the lack of political freedoms in various U.S.-allied dictatorships,including Chile and Nicaragua.Such criticisms were designed not only to enhance the reputation of the U.S.internationally but also to buttress and give credibility to its ongoing ideological warfare against the socialist world.
