Linear Generator Used in Hybrid System Solar Biomass

The aim of this paper is to present the linear generator （Stirling solar dish） in the context of a HSSB （hybrid system solar biomass）, project P ＆ D （research and development P ＆ D 0041, in cooperation and partnership with CPFL--LIght and Force Paulista Company-Campinas, Piratininga, S.P. Brazil）. The other components of the system will be the solar ORC （organic Rankine cycle）, the rotary Stifling and the biomass gasifier. The integration of the complete system will be described in the paper, and is projected to be hydraulic one.

Sandy seepage faces as bioactive nitrate reactors:Biogeochemistry,microbial ecology and metagenomics

Subterranean estuaries are highly dynamic in processing dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN).Here we investigate DIN turnover in surface sediments(0–20 cm depth)at the higher,medium and lower intertidal of a seepage face,i.e.,the outer “mouth”of the subterranean estuary,during four consecutive seasons in Sanggou Bay,China.Throughout the studied period,ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))concentrations in the sampled porewaters did not vary significantly with depth or season.In contrast,peaks in porewater nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentration and decreases in δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-) and δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-) were observed in the 15–20 cm depth(bottom)sediment,particularly during summer and autumn.Coupled with NO_(3)^(-) production,the sediment total nitrogen was also markedly peaking in the bottom layer of the studied seepage face.Together with abundant heterotrophic microbes in the sediment,this NO_(3)^(-) accumulation was linked to a reaction chain including organic matter decomposition,ammonification and nitrification.During winter,porewater enrichment in total nitrogen occurred closer to the surface of the seepage face but triggered also active NO_(3)^(-) production.This pattern reinforced the importance of pelagic organic matter supply on NO_(3)^(-) production.In the shallower depths of the seepage face(<12 cm),active net NO3removal occurred except in winter.The isotopic fractionation(δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-) and δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-) and metagenomic results revealed denitrification as the main pathway for NO_(3)^(-) reduction.Biological assimilation from benthic primary producers may also consume a fraction of NO_(3)^(-) at the sediment water interface.Both NO_(3)^(-) production and removal significantly varied in magnitude with season(13.6 to 6.2 nmol cm^(-3)h^(-1)).Substrate supply was the key driver for nitrate cycling,as evidenced by the high NO3production rate in spring by comparison to autumn.The highest NO_(3)^(-) turnover rates were found in summer,suggesting the combined influence of advection rates and sediment microbiota composition.In spite of active removal(peak NO_(3)^(-) removal capability:61%),a significant amount of NO_(3)^(-) was still transported from the seepage face into the bay waters.The magnitude of NO_(3)^(-) fluxes ranged from 312 to 476 kg N d^(-1),accounting for approximately 15%of the total exogenous NO_(3)^(-) loading into the bay.NO_(3)^(-) isotopic fingerprint revealed chemical fertilizer as the main source of terrestrial NO_(3)^(-) in SGD,highlighting the importance of land use to coastal system nitrogen budgets.