Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of S...Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.展开更多
High-quality rice reference genomes have accelerated the comprehensive identification of genome-wide variations and research on functional genomics and breeding.Tian-you-hua-zhan has been a leading hybrid in China ove...High-quality rice reference genomes have accelerated the comprehensive identification of genome-wide variations and research on functional genomics and breeding.Tian-you-hua-zhan has been a leading hybrid in China over the past decade.Here,de novo genome assembly strategy optimization for the rice indica lines Huazhan(HZ)and Tianfeng(TF),including sequencing platforms,assembly pipelines and sequence depth,was carried out.The PacBio and Nanopore platforms for long-read se-quencing were utilized,with the Canu,wtdbg2,SMARTdenovo,Flye,Canu-wtdbg2,Canu-SMARTdenovo and Canu-Flye assemblers.The combination of PacBio and Canu was optimal,considering the contig N50 length,contig number,assembled genome size and polishing process.The assembled contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data,resulting in two“golden quality”rice reference genomes,and evaluated using the scaffold N50,BUSCO,and LTR assembly index.Furthermore,42,625 and 41,815 non-transposable element genes were annotated for HZ and TF,respectively.Based on our assembly of HZ and TF,as well as Zhenshan97,Minghui63,Shuhui498 and 9311,comprehensive variations were identified using Nipponbare as a reference.The de novo assembly strategy for rice we optimized and the“golden quality”rice genomes we produced for HZ and TF will benefit rice genomics and breeding research,especially with respect to uncovering the genomic basis of the elite traits of HZ and TF.展开更多
A kind of enhancing mechanism of structural whiteness dependence on amorphous photonic crystal (APC) structure is introduced in this paper. In the glaze system composed of albite, kaolin, talc, calcite, quartz, titani...A kind of enhancing mechanism of structural whiteness dependence on amorphous photonic crystal (APC) structure is introduced in this paper. In the glaze system composed of albite, kaolin, talc, calcite, quartz, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, the APC structure will be produced by using quartz as a variable to induce the phase separation. Under different polarities between Ti, Zn etc. and Siion, the separated spheres with the core-shell structure can be obtained and then make up opal-like APCs in the glaze layer. In addition to inner and outer layers of core-shell spheres, the calculated results of refractive indices clearly show the great difference between the particles and the matrix. As a result of different refractive indices, the multiple scatting of visible light plays a key rote in the structural whiteness. However, due to the decrease of the cationic content, APCs with the reverse opal structure would be formed in the interface between glaze and body. Ultimately, the glaze appearance reveals extremely high structural whiteness due to the special APC structure.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901550)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0101803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501326)Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(19HASTIT010)was a funding pro-vided by Henan Province government of China.
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.
基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,the Elite Young Scientists Program of CAAS,the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(KQJSCX20180323140312935,AGIS-ZDKY202004)the Dapeng New District Special Fund for Industrial Development(KY20150113)。
文摘High-quality rice reference genomes have accelerated the comprehensive identification of genome-wide variations and research on functional genomics and breeding.Tian-you-hua-zhan has been a leading hybrid in China over the past decade.Here,de novo genome assembly strategy optimization for the rice indica lines Huazhan(HZ)and Tianfeng(TF),including sequencing platforms,assembly pipelines and sequence depth,was carried out.The PacBio and Nanopore platforms for long-read se-quencing were utilized,with the Canu,wtdbg2,SMARTdenovo,Flye,Canu-wtdbg2,Canu-SMARTdenovo and Canu-Flye assemblers.The combination of PacBio and Canu was optimal,considering the contig N50 length,contig number,assembled genome size and polishing process.The assembled contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data,resulting in two“golden quality”rice reference genomes,and evaluated using the scaffold N50,BUSCO,and LTR assembly index.Furthermore,42,625 and 41,815 non-transposable element genes were annotated for HZ and TF,respectively.Based on our assembly of HZ and TF,as well as Zhenshan97,Minghui63,Shuhui498 and 9311,comprehensive variations were identified using Nipponbare as a reference.The de novo assembly strategy for rice we optimized and the“golden quality”rice genomes we produced for HZ and TF will benefit rice genomics and breeding research,especially with respect to uncovering the genomic basis of the elite traits of HZ and TF.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21661017)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20161B AB203081)the Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (Grant Nos. GJJ170795 and GJJ180718).
文摘A kind of enhancing mechanism of structural whiteness dependence on amorphous photonic crystal (APC) structure is introduced in this paper. In the glaze system composed of albite, kaolin, talc, calcite, quartz, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, the APC structure will be produced by using quartz as a variable to induce the phase separation. Under different polarities between Ti, Zn etc. and Siion, the separated spheres with the core-shell structure can be obtained and then make up opal-like APCs in the glaze layer. In addition to inner and outer layers of core-shell spheres, the calculated results of refractive indices clearly show the great difference between the particles and the matrix. As a result of different refractive indices, the multiple scatting of visible light plays a key rote in the structural whiteness. However, due to the decrease of the cationic content, APCs with the reverse opal structure would be formed in the interface between glaze and body. Ultimately, the glaze appearance reveals extremely high structural whiteness due to the special APC structure.