Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of high -performance powder metallurgy TA15 titanium alloy by hot rolling

Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titanium alloy plates were prepared by cold press-ing sintering combined with high-temperature hot rolling.The microstructure and mechanical properties under different process paramet-ers were investigated.Optical microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and others were applied to characterize the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties strengthening mechanism.The results showed that the chemical compositions were uniformly dif-fused without segregation during sintering,and the closing of the matrix craters was accelerated by increasing the sintering temperature.The block was hot rolled at 1200℃ with an 80%reduction under only two passes without annealing.The strength and elongation of the plate at 20–25℃ after solution and aging were 1247 MPa and 14.0%,respectively,which were increased by 24.5%and 40.0%,respect-ively,compared with the as-sintered alloy at 1300℃.The microstructure was significantly refined by continuous dynamic recrystalliza-tion,which was completed by the rotation and dislocation absorption of the substructure surrounded by low-angle grain boundaries.After hot rolling combined with heat treatment,the strength and plasticity of PM-TA15 were significantly improved,which resulted from the dense,uniform,and fine recrystallization structure and the synergistic effect of multiple slip systems.

Directional-to-random transition of cell cluster migration

Efficient cell migration is crucial for the functioning of biological processes, e.g., morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. In this study, we monitor the migratory behavior of the 3D fibroblast clusters using live cell microscopy,and find that crowded environment affects cell migration, i.e., crowding leads to directional migration at the cluster’s periphery. The number of cell layers being stacked during seeding determines the directional-to-random transition. Intriguingly,the migratory behavior of cell clusters resembles the dispersion dynamics of clouds of passive particles, indicating that the biological process is driven by physical effects(e.g., entropy) rather than cell communication. Our findings highlight the role of intrinsic physical characteristics, such as crowding, in regulating biological behavior, and suggest new therapeutic approaches targeting at cancer metastasis.

Digital Transformation of Higher Education:History and Consensus,Trends and Experiences,Issues and Challenges

The rapid development of new-generation information technology has triggered the evolution of education and teaching towards digitalization,accelerating the digital transformation of higher education and bringing an important opportunity for the high-quality development of higher education.Firstly,we give an overview of the digital development of higher education and discuss how information technology is reshaping the teaching and learning of higher education.Secondly,we explain the consensus on the digital development of higher education,and focus on summarizing the digital achievements of higher education in China and analyzing the successful experience through the introduction of the digital development trend of higher education in the world.Finally,we point out the current problems and challenges and make a preliminary discussion.Digital empowerment has arrived,and in the era of digitization,the transformation and development of higher education will lead to systemic changes in universities.This is an inevitable stage in the process of higher education development.Digital transformation will drive higher education to be more competitive,inclusive,and accessible,enabling universities to unleash their digital vitality in various service functions and contribute to the construction of a digital China.

教育数字化转型背景下在线开放课程发展研究

信息技术持续推动人类社会迈向数字时代,全球范围内数字化建设方兴未艾,世界高等教育数字化转型深入发展,以慕课为代表的在线开放课程正在重塑。通过回顾中国慕课十年发展成就,从六个维度阐述中国慕课作为中国高等教育的对外交流展示名片,继而从名师课程开放、优质资源共享、教学模式创新、跨地域网络教研和深化教学改革角度论述中国慕课创造的世界性先例。针对数字化转型时代背景,聚焦信息技术赋能教育教学、保持慕课开放融合特质、支持专业建设与专业人才培养三个方面,分析数字化转型背景下在线开放课程发展趋向,着重针对人工智能与元宇宙对数字化教学变革的驱动,重点论述二者对在线开放课程的重构,并对慕课与人工智能式在线课程、慕课与元宇宙式在线课程进行了比较分析。在此基础上,从慕课特质角度,分析在线开放课程在高等教育数字化转型中所处的地位,强调在线开放课程的头部引领作用。据此提出,面向未来,教育工作者要勇于拥抱技术赋能教育教学的数字变革时代,推动在线开放课程在迎接数字化转型全球浪潮的洗礼中创新求变、迭变升级。

Functional microfluidics:theory,microfabrication,and applications

Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.

Effects of PEAR1 gene polymorphism on big endothelin-1 levels in Chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with poor prognosis,even after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),likely due to coronary endothelial cell dysfunction and injury.^([1,2])Endothelin-1 (ET-1),a peptide that serves as a vasoconstrictor of smooth muscle cell proliferation,can reflect endothelial cell functional states.Due to low circulation levels and short plasma half-life time,measuring plasma ET-1 levels is difficult.In contrast,big ET-1.

Research and Practice of Blending Teaching Based on “MOOC + SPOC + Flipped Classroom” for Software Engineering

Based on "MOOC + SPOC + Flipped Classroom", a particular blending teaching pattern adapting to MOOC teaching is proposed to strengthen software engineering students' abilities to study themselves and practice innovatively. Firstly, the process of MOOC development in China is introduced. The distinguishing feature and effect of MOOC teaching are analyzed, followed by the comparison with traditional class. The online Plus offline blending teaching pattern is the combination of online self-study on MOOC before class, seminar study of flipped classroom in class and the summary after class. With the demonstration of a typical case, a progressive strategy is given to implement blending teaching. Finally, the blending teaching pattern is assessed from multiple perspectives, of which both advantages and disadvantages are dissected. Through primary exploration, introducing online study and flipped classroom, blending teaching plays a positive role in software engineering teaching, which means traditional teaching pattern is changed. Meanwhile, students' innovative consciousness and practical ability are inspired. Nevertheless, new problems arise, so that intensive practice and improvement are necessary.

The MOOC/SPOC Based"1+M+N"Multi-University Collaborative Teaching and Learning Mode:Practice and Experience

Since 2012, the MOOCs, the massive open online courses, have brought big influences on the higher education in the world. How to use MOOCs to help universities rather than bother them to improve their education level and quality becomes an important issue. In China, many universities have explored the new modes and approaches for MOOC/SPOC-based teaching and learning. Especially, the China MOOC Association on Computing Education(CMOOC association), established in 2014, has done a set of successful practice and achieved fruitful experiences on MOOC courses development and computer education reform. Based on the practical experiences, a MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode is presented, which is adapted to the real situation of Chinese university education. In the paper, the practices and experiences of CMOOC association are introduced, the MOOC/SPOC based "1+M+N" multi-university collaborative teaching and learning mode and its approaches are described. Finally, the suggestions for MOOCs development and applications are also presented.

Comparison of intravitreal injection of conbercept and triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion

AIM:To compare the safety and efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)and triamcinolone acetonide(IVTA)for macular edema(ME)secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).METHODS:A prospective,randomized clinical study.Patients with ME secondary to BRVO were randomly assigned to either IVC group or IVTA group at a ratio of 2:1 and a 12-month follow-up was performed.The efficacy outcome measures included the mean changes and differences in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the central retinal thickness(CRT).The safety profiles and the mean retreatment intervals were also compared.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference of baseline between the two groups(IVC group,n=36;IVTA group,n=17).At 12mof the BCVA letters improved by 27.31±18.36 in the IVC group,and 13.53±11.37 in the IVTA group(P=0.0004).CRT reduction was 253.33±163.69 and 150.24±134.32 pm,respectively(P=0.0034).The mean BCVA in the IVC group was superior to that of the IVTA group for months 6-12(P<0.01).The mean CRT at 9 and 12mo were thinner in the IVC group compared to the IVTA group(P<0.01).The mean retreatment interval in the IVC group was longer than that in the IVTA group(97.40±36.27d vs 68.71±36.38d,P=0.0030).One eye in the IVC group and seven eyes in the IVTA group developed elevated intraocular pressure(IOP;P=0.0012).The proportion of eyes with cataract new-onset or progression were 19.44%in the IVC group and 64.71%in the IVTA group(P=0.0012).CONCLUSION:IVC could maintain or improve BCVA and reduce CRT for a longer time and have longer retreatment interval than IVTA.In addition,patients treated with IVTA are more susceptible to IOP elevation and cataract progression.

Differences between physiological and pathological convulsive thresholds in patients with epilepsy

BACKGROUND： Physiological convulsive thresholds degrade when the brain is in some pathologic states; thus, a level of stimulus that cannot provoke a convulsion may evoke a seizure or epileptic seizure. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological, and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： Research Institute of Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University; Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Research Institute of Function of Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS： Thirty-six female Wistar rats were selected for this study. The rats were obtained from the experimental animal center of Shanxi Medical University. All laboratory procedures complied with animal ethical standards. The animals were randomly divided into three groups： a strong current group, a weak current group and a control group, with 12 rats in each group. An automatic determinator of seizure threshold was made at Shanxi Medical University and Taiyuan University of Technology. Two bipolar stainless steel stimulating electrodes and an electrode connector （diameter 1.2 ram） were made at Taiyuan University of Technology. METHODS： This study was performed in the laboratory of Research Institute of the Epilepsy of Shanxi Medical University between December 2005 and August 2006. The threshold of localized seizures was measured by performing direct cortical stimulation in rats under anesthesia. After 1 week of post-operative recovery, electric stimulation was started with three different kinds of stimulation. Seizure activity was induced by a ramp-shaped single train of biphasic pulses （50 Hz, total pulse duration of 2 ms, increasing from 0 to 2 000μ A in 15 seconds）. The threshold of localized seizures （TLS） has been defined as the minimum current intensity necessary to provoke convulsion of the forelimbs and/or facial muscles. Up to the TLS, if stimulation continued, the current intensity necessary to provoke the generalized seizures is called the threshold of generalized seizures （TGS）. If stimulation is continued for about 2 seconds when the TGS is reached, rats still showed generalized clonic activity after stimulation ceased. When seizures stopped, a short period of immobility can be observed. The current intensity is called the threshold of prolonged seizures （TPS）. The rats in the strong current group were stimulated up to the current level required to reach the TPS. In the course of stimulation, first, the TLS was recorded, then the TGS, and finally the TPS. The stimulation interval in one session was 10 minutes, repeated twice daily. The rats in the weak current group were only stimulated up to the current levels required to reach the TGS; first, the TLS was recorded and then the TGS was measured at the same time as the strong current group. Control animals were also equipped with a full electrode set and placed in the same conditions, but no stimulation took place, only electroencephalogram （EEG） recording at the same times as the experimental groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Stimulation of the two experimental groups lasted for 11 weeks and then observation of their behavior and electroencephalogram recording continued for 4 weeks. The control group was also observed over a total of 15 weeks. ② Observing neuronal damage/loss in the hippocampus with a light microscope using a 250x visual field. RESULTS： All 36 Wistar rats were included in the final analysis. At the beginning of the experiment, the convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA, although there were significant individual variations among rats of the same group. Those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation. The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level in the 10^th week after commencement of stimulation. There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulations lasted longer; the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than at the beginning of the trial （P 〈 0.01）. An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3^rd week in the strong current group, and in the 8th week in the weak current group; these discharges were concomitant with neuronal damage and loss in the hippocampus. There was no abnormality observed in the control group. CONCLUSION： These findings indicated that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages： a physiological convulsive threshold and a pathological convulsive threshold （epileptic threshold） The epileptic threshold is created by pathologically acquired factors, which give rise to brain damage. The increase in the intensity of these pathologically acquired factors led to aggravation of damage.

Temporal sequence Object-based CNN(TS-OCNN) for crop classification from fine resolution remote sensing image time-series

Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution(FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great opportunities for mapping crop types in great detail. However, within-class variance can hamper attempts to discriminate crop classes at fine resolutions. Multi-temporal FSR remotely sensed imagery provides a means of increasing crop classification from FSR imagery, although current methods do not exploit the available information fully. In this research, a novel Temporal Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network(TS-OCNN) was proposed to classify agricultural crop type from FSR image time-series. An object-based CNN(OCNN) model was adopted in the TS-OCNN to classify images at the object level(i.e., segmented objects or crop parcels), thus, maintaining the precise boundary information of crop parcels. The combination of image time-series was first utilized as the input to the OCNN model to produce an ‘original’ or baseline classification. Then the single-date images were fed automatically into the deep learning model scene-by-scene in order of image acquisition date to increase successively the crop classification accuracy. By doing so, the joint information in the FSR multi-temporal observations and the unique individual information from the single-date images were exploited comprehensively for crop classification. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was investigated using multitemporal SAR and optical imagery, respectively, over two heterogeneous agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly proposed TS-OCNN approach consistently increased crop classification accuracy, and achieved the greatest accuracies(82.68% and 87.40%) in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmark methods, including the object-based CNN(OCNN)(81.63% and85.88%), object-based image analysis(OBIA)(78.21% and 84.83%), and standard pixel-wise CNN(79.18%and 82.90%). The proposed approach is the first known attempt to explore simultaneously the joint information from image time-series with the unique information from single-date images for crop classification using a deep learning framework. The TS-OCNN, therefore, represents a new approach for agricultural landscape classification from multi-temporal FSR imagery. Besides, it is readily generalizable to other landscapes(e.g., forest landscapes), with a wide application prospect.

Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity

Previous studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways are involved in N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA）-mediated excitotoxicity. However, a systematic observation or analysis of the role of these various MAPK pathways in excitotoxicity processes does not exist. The present study further evaluated the role and contribution of three MAPK pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in an NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity model using MAPK^specific inhibitor. Results demonstrated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited NMDA-induced reduction in cell viability, as well as reduced NMDA-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species production. However, PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, did not influence this model. Results demonstrated an involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in cortical neurons.

Mechanical stimulation of the scalp improves the extra-and intracranial blood circulation in humans and mice

Background:Scalp combing,as an ancient method of health care,has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine.Although this method is considered to be beneficial for the blood circulation of the head,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:Both human participants and mice were used in this study.In participants,the scalp was stimulated by combing continuously for 5 min,and the temperature was measured using infrared thermal imaging before and after stimulation.In mice,the temperature was determined before and at 5,15,and 30 min after a 5-min scalp mechanical stimulation(SMS).Additionally,the vasculature of the mice was labeled with retro-orbital fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran injection,and the capillaries were observed directly under a confocal microscope.Using in vivo CLARITY imaging and the spectrofluorometric detection of Evans Blue dye extravasation,the bloodebrain barrier permeability was assessed.Results:SMS increased the temperature of the left ear significantly in human(P=.0247)while can slightly increase the temperature of the right ear and the face without significant difference(P>.05).Moreover,SMS can significantly slow the decrease in the temperature of the external auditory canal at 5 min(P=.0153)and in body temperature at 15 min(P=.0295)after SMS whereas no significant difference in body temperature at 30 min(P>.05)compared with control mice.Furthermore,capillaries of the ear with a diameter of less than 8 mm were significantly dilated(P=.0006)following SMS and the number of dextran dots was higher at 15 min(P>.05)and 30 min(F=10.98,P=.037)after SMS intervention compared with control mice.Conclusion:Our study provides strong evidence to support the notion that scalp combing can improve extra-and intracranial blood circulation under healthy conditions.

头皮机械刺激通过控制脑水肿减轻2-VO大鼠脑低灌注

目的:探讨头皮机械刺激(SMS),作用机理与头针相似,对脑低灌注大鼠脑水肿的脑保护作用。方法:首先,我们通过测量皮肤温度和脑血流量来筛选SMS的强度。接下来,我们观察了头皮机械刺激对2-VO模型大鼠脑血流量、脑水肿和相关病理学改变的脑保护作用。利用免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测神经凋亡相关蛋白(caspase-3、cleaved-caspase-3)和脑水肿相关蛋白(GFAP和AQP4)的表达差异。随后分析神经细胞凋亡与AQP4蛋白水平的相关性。结果:0.5 N为最适合本研究的刺激强度。与对照组相比,0.5 N、1 N、2 N组均可以维持头皮温度,改善脑血流量(均P<0.05)。SMS干预显著增加了2-VO大鼠脑血流量,降低脑含水量(P<0.001和P=0.0449)。与2-VO组相比,SMS组大鼠海马CA1区caspase-3阳性细胞数(P=0.0086)和cleavedcaspase-3阳性细胞数(P=0.036)显著减少,与caspase-3蛋白表达水平(P=0.019)相似。与sham组比较,2-VO组大鼠GFAP和AQP4表达增高(P=0.0369和P=0.0142),SMS组大鼠GFAP和AQP4表达明显降低(P=0.0484和P=0.0229)。AQP4与caspase-3、cleavedcaspase-3的表达呈正相关(R2=0.6071/R2=0.8500)。结论:本研究揭示了SMS改善脑低灌注的最佳强度及其可能的作用机制。SMS可能是一种简便、有前景的预防缺血性卒中和认知障碍的方法。

Correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with oncogene expression and cell proliferation activity in breast cancer

Objective: To study the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with oncogene expression and cell proliferation activity in breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer lesions and benign breast lesions surgically removed in Zigong Third People's Hospital between May 2014 and February 2017 were selected, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was done before operation to draw the time-intensity curve and calculate the area under the curve (AUC), and the expression of proliferation molecules and tumor suppressor genes were detected after operation. Results:The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of the breast cancer lesion was greatly higher than that of the benign breast lesion;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions were obviously higher than those in benign breast lesions whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in benign breast lesions;ECT2, ZKSCAN3, USP39 and EphA2 mRNA expression in breast cancer lesions with high AUC were greatly higher than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC whereas HPK1, TCEAL17, CCN5, ATG2B and ATG4D mRNA expression were greatly lower than those in breast cancer lesions with low AUC. Conclusion: The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameter AUC of breast cancer lesion significantly increases and is closely related to the higher expression of pro-proliferation molecules and the lower expression of tumor suppressor genes.

基于选择性激光熔化技术的骨缺损修复用梯度多孔钛支架的研制与表征

为提高骨缺损修复的治疗效果,设计孔隙率为78.8%、70.8%、62.6%和54.4%的梯度多孔钛支架(分别表示为P1,P2,P3和P4),并通过选择性激光熔化技术进行制备。通过模拟和实验方法研究支架的成形性、显微组织、力学性能和渗透性能。模拟结果表明,4种梯度结构的最大等效应力和渗透性分别在569.1~1469.0MPa和(21.7~54.6)×10^(−9)m^(2)范围内,并且P3和P4具有更小的最大等效应力,表明P3和P4具有更高的强度。P3和P4结构支架的显微组织为α'马氏体,屈服强度和弹性模量分别为185.3~250.8MPa和6.1~9.7GPa。相比于P3结构支架,P4结构支架展现出更高的强度和与皮质骨更加匹配的弹性模量,并且其渗透性(18.6×10^(−9)m^(2))在人体骨组织渗透性范围内。因此,具有P4结构支架有望被应用于骨科植入领域。

Alterations in gut microbiota are related to metabolite profiles in spinal cord injury

Studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites can enter the central nervous system via the blood-spinal cord barrier and cause neuroinflammation, thus constituting secondary injury after spinal cord injury. To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and the possible mechanism underlying the effects of gut microbiota on secondary injury after spinal cord injury, in this study, we established mouse models of T8–T10 traumatic spinal cord injury. We used 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in fecal samples from the mouse model. Results showed a severe gut microbiota disturbance after spinal cord injury, which included marked increases in pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Shigella, Bacteroides, Rikenella, Staphylococcus, and Mucispirillum and decreases in anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Sutterella. Meanwhile, we identified 27 metabolites that decreased and 320 metabolites that increased in the injured spinal cord. Combined with pathway enrichment analysis, five markedly differential amino acids(L-leucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine and L-valine) were screened out, which play a pivotal role in activating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury. Integrated correlation analysis indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was related to the differences in amino acids, which suggests that disturbances in gut microbiota might participate in the secondary injury through the accumulation of partial metabolites that activate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Findings from this study provide a new theoretical basis for improving the secondary injury after spinal cord injury through fecal microbial transplantation.

Bionic microchannels for step lifting transpiration

Those various cross-sectional vessels in trees transfer water to as high as 100 meters,but the traditional fabrication methods limit the manufacturing of those vessels,resulting in the non-availability of those bionic microchannels.Herein,we fabricate those bionic microchannels with various cross-sections by employing projection micro-stereolithography(PμSL)based 3D printing technique.The circumradius of bionic microchannels(pentagonal,square,triangle,and five-pointed star)can be as small as 100μm with precisely fabricated sharp corners.What's more,those bionic microchannels demonstrate marvelous microfluidic performance with strong precursor effects enabled by their sharp corners.Most significantly,those special properties of our bionic microchannels enable them outstanding step lifting performance to transport water to tens of millimeters,though the water can only be transported to at most 20 mm for a single bionic microchannel.The mimicked transpiration based on the step lifting of water from bionic microchannels is also achieved.Those precisely fabricated,low-cost,various cross-sectional bionic microchannels promise applications as microfluidic chips,long-distance unpowered water transportation,step lifting,mimicked transpiration,and so on.

Exploring the mechanism of Yishen Daluo decoction in the treatment of multiple sclerosis based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments

Objective:To explore the mechanism and related active components of Yishen Daluo decoction(YSDLD)in treating multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods:Targets of YSDLD were collected through the TCMSP,Chemistry,and TCMID databases.The MS targets were collected through OMIM,DrugBank,Gencards,TTD,and Pharmgkb databases.We built“componentetarget”network diagrams and proteineprotein interaction(PPI)diagrams and performed topological analysis.The targets were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.Molecular docking verification was conducted on selected targets and molecules.Finally,in vitro experiments were con-ducted.BV2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide for model establishment.CCK8 experiment was conducted to explore the effect of YSDLD and RT-qPCR technology was used to explore the expression of key targets.Results:There were 184 active components in YSDLD and 898 targets of its action.There were 940 MS targets,and 215 targets were shared by YSDLD and MS.According to the“componentetarget”diagram,the top five key components included quercetin,kaempferol,beta-sitosterol,stigmasterol,and nar-ingenin.IL-6,IL-1 b,TNF-α,AKT1,and VEGFA were the important targets identified by PPI network to-pology analysis.A total of 564 functions were identified by GO enrichment analysis(P<0.01),mainly involving inflammatory response,hypoxia response,plasma membrane,neuronal cell body,protein phosphatase binding,and cytokine activity.KEGG enrichment analysis enriched 98 pathways(P<.01).YSDLD at the concentration of 20 m g/mL had no effect on BV2 cells.RT-qPCR indicated that YSDLD at the concentrations of 15 m g/mL and 20 m g/mL alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory injury and lowered the content of inflammatory factors(P<0.05).Conclusion:In this paper,the network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to explore the potential mechanism of YSDLD in treating MS.The research provides a good basis for the development of YSDLD and drugs for MS in future.

疑似青光眼患者24h眼压变化规律

目的:分析疑似青光眼患者24h眼压的变化规律。方法:收集疑似青光眼患者48例96眼,使用Accupen手持眼压计(24-3000)和NCT非接触眼压计(CT-80)测量24h眼压,自7∶30开始,每2h测一次眼压,共12次,其中7∶30～21∶30测量坐位眼压,23∶30～5∶30测量坐位及卧位眼压。结果:两种眼压计测量的传统体位下24h眼压峰值均出现在7∶30,非接触眼压计测得的结果为22.05±3.608mmH g,手持式眼压计测得的结果为19.79±4.147mmH g。手持眼压计测得习惯性体位下眼内压峰值出现在5∶30,平均21.64±4.814mmH g,且两种体位24h眼内压谷值均出现在21∶30,谷值眼内压平均值为15.73±3.649mmH g。两种体位均呈夜间眼压逐渐升高,白天眼压逐渐下降的趋势。结论:疑似青光眼患者眼内压峰值多出现在清晨,夜间卧位眼压值较坐位眼压值高。