Allergic rhinitis(AR)is caused by a hyperresponse of the immune system to allergens and results in inflammatory disorders of the nasal mucosa,leading to symptoms,such as sneezing,nasal discharge,itching,and congestion...Allergic rhinitis(AR)is caused by a hyperresponse of the immune system to allergens and results in inflammatory disorders of the nasal mucosa,leading to symptoms,such as sneezing,nasal discharge,itching,and congestion.AR symptoms have been reported in China since ancient times.展开更多
Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,atopic dermatitis,and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.It...Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,atopic dermatitis,and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion.Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma,which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe.The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community.The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter-and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation.Accordingly,preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma.This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma,the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier,and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity.The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed.In addition,the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants,and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2504100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171109 and 82025010)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team(IRT13082)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Dengfeng Plan(DFL20190202)。
文摘Allergic rhinitis(AR)is caused by a hyperresponse of the immune system to allergens and results in inflammatory disorders of the nasal mucosa,leading to symptoms,such as sneezing,nasal discharge,itching,and congestion.AR symptoms have been reported in China since ancient times.
文摘Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis,allergic asthma,atopic dermatitis,and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion.Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma,which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe.The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community.The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter-and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation.Accordingly,preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma.This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma,the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier,and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity.The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed.In addition,the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants,and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.
