BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the 6 th most common cancer in the world and the 4 th most common death from cancer worldwide.Hepatic radioembolization is a minimally invasive treatment involving intraarterial administrati...BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the 6 th most common cancer in the world and the 4 th most common death from cancer worldwide.Hepatic radioembolization is a minimally invasive treatment involving intraarterial administration of radioembolic microspheres.AIM To develop a neutron-activated,biodegradable and theranostics samarium-153 acetylacetonate(153SmAcAc)-poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)microsphere for intraarterial radioembolization of hepatic tumors.METHODS Microspheres with different concentrations of 152SmAcAc(i.e.,100%,150%,175%and 200%w/w)were prepared by solvent evaporation method.The microspheres were then activated using a nuclear reactor in a neutron flux of 2×10^12n/cm^2/s^1,converting 152Sm to Samarium-153(153)Sm)via 152Sm(n,γ) 153Sm reaction.The SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres before and after neutron activation were characterized using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,particle size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermo-gravimetric analysis and gamma spectroscopy.The in-vitro radiolabeling efficiency was also tested in both 0.9% sodium chloride solution and human blood plasma over a duration of 550 h.RESULTS The SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with different SmAcAc contents remained spherical before and after neutron activation.The mean diameter of the microspheres was about 35μm.Specific activity achieved for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)SmAcAc after 3 h neutron activation were 1.7±0.05,2.5±0.05,2.7±0.07,and 2.8±0.09 GBq/g,respectively.The activity of per microspheres were determined as 48.36±1.33,74.10±1.65,97.87±2.48,and 109.83±3.71 Bq for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)SmAcAc.The energy dispersive X-ray and gamma spectrometry showed that no elemental and radioactive impurities present in the microspheres after neutron activation.Retention efficiency of 153Sm in the SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres was excellent(approximately 99%)in both 0.9%sodium chloride solution and human blood plasma over a duration of 550 h.CONCLUSION The 153SmAcAc-PLLA microsphere is potentially useful for hepatic radioembolization due to their biodegradability,favorable physicochemical characteristics and excellent radiolabeling efficiency.The synthesis of the formulation does not involve ionizing radiation and hence reducing the complication and cost of production.展开更多
The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131（^131I）, phosphorous-32（^32P）, strontium-90（^90Sr）, and yttrium-90（^90Y）, have b...The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131（^131I）, phosphorous-32（^32P）, strontium-90（^90Sr）, and yttrium-90（^90Y）, have been used successfully for the treatment of many benign and malignant disorders. Recently, the rapid growth of this branch of nuclear medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of a number of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and neuroendocrine and other malignant or non-malignant tumours. Today, the field of radionuclide therapy is enjoying an exciting phase and is poised for greater growth and development in the coming years. For example, in Asia, the high prevalence of thyroid and liver diseases has prompted many novel developments and clinical trials using targeted radionuclide therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics and clinical applications of the commonly available therapeutic radionuclides, as well as the problems and issues involved in translating novel radionuclides into clinical therapies.展开更多
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme sanctioned by the Ministry of Education,Malaysia,No.FRGS/1/2019/SKK06/TAYLOR/02/3。
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the 6 th most common cancer in the world and the 4 th most common death from cancer worldwide.Hepatic radioembolization is a minimally invasive treatment involving intraarterial administration of radioembolic microspheres.AIM To develop a neutron-activated,biodegradable and theranostics samarium-153 acetylacetonate(153SmAcAc)-poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)microsphere for intraarterial radioembolization of hepatic tumors.METHODS Microspheres with different concentrations of 152SmAcAc(i.e.,100%,150%,175%and 200%w/w)were prepared by solvent evaporation method.The microspheres were then activated using a nuclear reactor in a neutron flux of 2×10^12n/cm^2/s^1,converting 152Sm to Samarium-153(153)Sm)via 152Sm(n,γ) 153Sm reaction.The SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres before and after neutron activation were characterized using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,particle size analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermo-gravimetric analysis and gamma spectroscopy.The in-vitro radiolabeling efficiency was also tested in both 0.9% sodium chloride solution and human blood plasma over a duration of 550 h.RESULTS The SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with different SmAcAc contents remained spherical before and after neutron activation.The mean diameter of the microspheres was about 35μm.Specific activity achieved for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)SmAcAc after 3 h neutron activation were 1.7±0.05,2.5±0.05,2.7±0.07,and 2.8±0.09 GBq/g,respectively.The activity of per microspheres were determined as 48.36±1.33,74.10±1.65,97.87±2.48,and 109.83±3.71 Bq for 153SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres with 100%,150%,175%and 200%(w/w)SmAcAc.The energy dispersive X-ray and gamma spectrometry showed that no elemental and radioactive impurities present in the microspheres after neutron activation.Retention efficiency of 153Sm in the SmAcAc-PLLA microspheres was excellent(approximately 99%)in both 0.9%sodium chloride solution and human blood plasma over a duration of 550 h.CONCLUSION The 153SmAcAc-PLLA microsphere is potentially useful for hepatic radioembolization due to their biodegradability,favorable physicochemical characteristics and excellent radiolabeling efficiency.The synthesis of the formulation does not involve ionizing radiation and hence reducing the complication and cost of production.
文摘The potential use of radionuclides in therapy has been recognized for many decades. A number of radionuclides, such as iodine-131（^131I）, phosphorous-32（^32P）, strontium-90（^90Sr）, and yttrium-90（^90Y）, have been used successfully for the treatment of many benign and malignant disorders. Recently, the rapid growth of this branch of nuclear medicine has been stimulated by the introduction of a number of new radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of metastatic bone pain and neuroendocrine and other malignant or non-malignant tumours. Today, the field of radionuclide therapy is enjoying an exciting phase and is poised for greater growth and development in the coming years. For example, in Asia, the high prevalence of thyroid and liver diseases has prompted many novel developments and clinical trials using targeted radionuclide therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics and clinical applications of the commonly available therapeutic radionuclides, as well as the problems and issues involved in translating novel radionuclides into clinical therapies.
