自修复防腐蚀涂层技术及研究进展

防腐蚀涂层广泛应用于强酸、强碱、海洋高盐雾等恶劣环境。这些涂层具有优异的防腐蚀功能,但是在使用过程中,涂层容易被外界环境破坏,因此迫切需要开发具有自修复功能的防腐蚀涂层技术。文中介绍了目前制备自修复防腐蚀涂层的3种主要方法:微胶囊法、微管路法和本征修复法。其中,微胶囊法和微管路法可以比较容易地将愈合剂或缓蚀剂填充在胶囊或3D网络中。本征修复法利用材料的固有属性实现自修复功能,在理论上可以完成无限次的自修复过程。微管路法能够源源不断地提供两阶段愈合剂到材料受损表面,但是该方法成本较高,并且管路设计难度较大。此外,对自修复防腐蚀涂层技术目前面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势进行了总结与展望。

Double Plasma Molecular Adsorption System with Sequential Low-dose Plasma Exchange in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure:A Prospective Study

Background and Aims:To investigate the safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system(DPMAS)with sequential low-dose plasma exchange(LPE)in treating early hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF).Methods:Clinical data of patients with HBVACLF were prospectively collected,including patients in a DPMAS with sequential LPE(DPMAS+LPE)group and those in a standard medical treatment(SMT)group.The primary endpoint was death or liver transplantation(LT)at 12 weeks of follow-up.Propensity-score matching was performed to control the effects of confounding factors on prognosis between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks,total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen levels,and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B score,were significantly lower in the DPMAS+LPE group than those in the SMT group(p<0.05).After 4 weeks,laboratory parameters of the two groups were similar.The cumulative survival rate of the DPMAS+LPE group was significantly higher than that of the SMT group at 4 weeks(97.9%vs.85.4%,p=0.027),but not at 12 weeks(85.4%vs.83.3%,p=0.687).Cytokine levels were significantly lower in 12-week survival group than in the death-or-LT group(p<0.05).Functional enrichment analysis showed that downregulated cytokines were mainly involved in positive regulation of proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and monocytes,regulation of immune effect response,regulation of endotoxin response,and glial cell proliferation.Conclusion:DPMAS+LPE significantly improved the 4-week cumulative survival rate,and ameliorated the inflammatory response in patients.DPMAS+LPE may be a promising modality for patients with early HBV-ACLF.

Viral hepatitis E:Clinical manifestations,treatment,and prevention

Hepatitis E is a globally distributed infection that varies in seroprevalence between developed and developing regions.In the less developed regions of Asia and Africa,a high seropositivity rate has been reported for hepatitis E virus(HEV)antibodies.Although acute hepatitis E is often self-limited and has a favorable prognosis,some populations experience severe manifestations,which may progress to liver failure.Moreover,some immunocompromised patients are at risk of developing chronic HEV infection and cirrhosis.Proactive screening,reducing misdiagnosis,improving patient management,timely anti-viral therapy for severe and chronic cases,and vaccination of high-risk groups are important measures to reduce the morbidity of hepatitis E.This review focused on the clinical presentation,management,and prevention of hepatitis E.

Serum from Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure Patients May Affect Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation by Impairing the Immunosuppressive Function of Cells

Background and Aims:The safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in the treatment of acute-onchronic liver failure(ACLF)have been validated.However,the impact of the pathological ACLF microenvironment on MSCs is less well understood.This study was designed to explore the changes in the functional properties of MSCs exposed to ACLF serum.Methods:MSCs were cultured in the presence of 10%,30%and 50%serum concentrations from ACLF patients and healthy volunteers.Then,the cell morphology,phenotype,apoptosis and proliferation of MSCs were evaluated,including the immunosuppressive effects.Subsequently,mRNA sequencing analysis was used to identify the molecules and pathways involved in MSC functional changes in the context of ACLF.Results:In the presence of ACLF serum,MSC morphology significantly changed but phenotype did not.Besides,MSC proliferation activity was weakened,while the apoptosis rate was lightly increased.Most importantly,the immunosuppressive function of MSCs was enhanced in a lowconcentration serum environment but transformed into a proinflammatory response in a high-concentration serum environment.RNA sequencing indicated that 10%serum concentration from ACLF patients mediated the PI3K-Akt pathway to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of MSCs,while the 50%serum concentration from ACLF patients promoted the conversion of MSCs into a proinflammatory function by affecting the cell cycle.Conclusions:The 50%ACLF serum concentration is more similar to the environment in the human body,which means that direct peripheral blood intravenous infusion of MSCs may reduce the effect of transplantation.Combining treatments of plasma exchange to reduce harmful substances in serum may promote MSCs to exert a stronger anti-inflammatory effect.

Ball-milled bismuth oxychloride/biochar nanocomposites with rich oxygen vacancies for reactive red-120 adsorption in aqueous solution

Fabricating surface oxygen vacancies is considered to be an efficient method to improve the adsorption performance of sorbents.In this work,a bismuth oxychloride/biochar(BiOCl/BC)nanocomposite with abundant oxygen vacancies was successfully prepared by a facile ball milling method.BiOCl/BC nanocomposite was found to have excellent adsorption performance for removing reactive red-120(RR120)from aqueous solution.The effects of key adsorption parameters,such as RR120 dye concentration,solution pH(2-10),and contact time were studied by batch adsorption test.The adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.The 50%-BiOCl/BC(50 wt%of BiOCl in composite)exhibited the best adsorptive performance(60%),much better than the pristine BM-BC(20%).The high adsorption capacity of 50%-BiOCl/BC(Langmuir maximum capacity of 116.382 mg g^(−1))can be attributed to the electrostatic effect,π-πinteractions,and hydrogen bond.This work provided a facile method to prepare semiconductor assisted biochar-based adsorbents,which would also contribute to the advance of environmental remediation.