Preliminary Study on the Occurrence of Maize Diseases in Anhui Province

The occurrence of maize diseases was systematically studied at different growth stages of maize in different areas of Anhui Province. It was found that maize has a long optimal growth period in Anhui Province, and the maize planting structure is complex. The northern region is mainly planted with summer maize in large scale, while the southern region is mainly planted with spring maize in scattered pattern. In terms of diseases, the south spring maize suffered from more diverse diseases than the north summer maize. The main maize disease in Suzhou, Bozhou, Fuyang and Bengbu areas was southern rust, which was common with the highest diseased plant rate of 76%. The main maize diseases in Lu'an, Anqing, Chizhou, Tongling and Xuancheng were rust, maize rough dwarf virus(MRDV), southern leaf blight and sheath blight. Other diseases such as northern leaf blight, stalk rot and maize smut occurred commonly. The diseased plant rate of maize rust was in the range of 25%-47%.

A new snakefly species of the family Inocelliidae (Raphidioptera) from China

We describe a new species in the snakefly family Inocelliidae from Guizhou,China,namely Inocellia wenii sp.nov.This new species can be assigned to the Inocellia crassicornis species-group based on the male gonocoxite 9 wider than long.It mostly resembles Inocellia shinohara Aspock,Liu&Aspock,2009that is endemic to Taiwan,but can be distinguished from the latter species by the male gonapophyses 9proximally with a pair of subtriangular sclerotized lobes that are associated with the endophallus.The present finding represents the second snakefly species recorded from Guizhou.A key to species of the I.crassicornis group is presented.

Two new dobsonfly species in the genus Protohermes van der Weele(Megaloptera:Corydalidae)from China

We describe two new species of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes van der Weele(Megaloptera:Corydalidae:Corydalinae)from China:Protohermes trapezius sp.nov.and Protohermes wuyishanicus sp.nov.These two new species belong to the Protohermes davidi species-group based on the immaculate wings and the flatly valvate male ectoprocts.A key to species of the P.davidi group is presented.

以工程专业认证核心理念,推进“测量学”的教学改革

以工程专业认证核心理念为引导,如何进行“测量学”教学与实践的改革来满足新形势下“学生适应用人单位”的需求,是每一个测量专任教师和用人单位共同关注的热点话题。专业认证的目的是提高人才培养的质量,建立评价–反馈–改进闭环的质量持续改进机制,其核心理念为:以学生为中心、成果为导向进行持续改进。本文以“遥感专业”专业认证为契机,以遥感专业毕业生跟踪调研为基础,结合笔者多年的教学经验,遵循工程专业认证的核心理念,制定出持续改进“测量学”教学目标,更新和丰富了教学内容,引入多种教学手段,强化实践教学方式的融合,完善了课程达成度评价系统。实践表明:测量学教学改革取得了较好的效果,受到了学生和用人单位的一致好评。

神经母细胞瘤中Hsp27的表达及其与化疗药物关系的研究

目的:探讨分析热休克蛋白27(heat shock protein 27,Hsp27)与儿童神经母细胞瘤临床病理参数及化疗药物的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)法检测90例神经母细胞瘤(neuroblastoma,NB)、24例节细胞神经母细胞瘤(gan?glioneuroblastoma,GNB)和20例节细胞神经瘤(ganglioneuroma,GN)组织中Hsp27蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量PCR(fluorescence quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)检测59例NB/GNB、5例GN组织标本,及人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞和耐顺铂SH-SY5Y细胞中Hsp27 mRNA的表达;应用IHC或PCR扩增测序法检测其中18例NB/GNB肿瘤标本化疗药物相关性分子靶标。结果:Hsp27蛋白在NB/GNB中阳性表达率为64.9%,明显高于GN的0(χ^2=28.994,P<0.05);在NB/GNB中,Hsp27阳性表达与肿瘤的分期、危险度、转移和预后有关(P<0.05),与患儿年龄、性别、Shimada组织学分型、N-myc有无扩增无关(P>0.05);Hsp27 mRNA在NB/GNB中的相对表达量为3.763±1.854,高于GN的2.476±0.698(P>0.05);Hsp27 mRNA在耐顺铂细胞中的表达明显高于亲代细胞(F=16.246,P<0.01)。检测化疗药物相关性分子靶标7个,结果显示Hsp27的表达与铂类药物敏感性相关。结论:本研究初步显示Hsp27的表达与NB的分期、危险度、转移、预后相关,可能参与了NB/GNB的发生发展转移。Hsp27的表达与铂类敏感性相关,需进一步增大样本量来验证其相关性。

BTG1 as a New Candidate Gene for Muscle Growth in Pigs: Cloning,Expression and Association Analysis

BTG1 （B-cell Translocation Gene 1） , a member of the BTG / TOB （Transducer of ErbB-2） family of anti-proliferation factors,has been proven to have an unfavorable effect on muscle fiber growth in several species. The porcine BTG1 gene was cloned and its 5＇ flanking promoter region sequence, and characterized the expression patterns in different tissues of adult pigs and in fetal skeletal muscle at different developmental stages in two breeds. The tissue distribution pattern analyses revealed that the mRNA of porcine BTG1 was ubiquitously expressed in the six tissues of both Landrace and Tongcheng pigs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR results showed that BTG1 mRNA expression levels were significantly different among the three fetal ages in Tongcheng pigs,while no significant differences were found among the three ages in Landrace pigs. Furthermore,the expression of BTG1 in Landrace pigs was significantly lower than in Tongcheng pigs at all three ages. The temporal expression profiles of the BTG1 gene in mouse myoblast C 2 C 12 cells were shown to be consistent with those of the myogenin gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） ,g. 281C 〉 T,was identified in the 3＇UTR and allele frequencies were detected in seven pig breed populations. Significant associations were found between the g. 281C 〉 T polymorphism and growth and meat quality traits. Our results indicate that the porcine BTG1 gene could play a potential role in markerassisted selection and as such may be a gene of economic importance.

Estimation of Potato Biomass and Yield Based on Machine Learning from Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data

The estimation of potato biomass and yield can optimize the planting pattern and tap the production potential.Based on partial least square(PLSR),multiple linear regression(MLR),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),BP neural network and other machine learning algorithms,the biomass estimation model of potato in different growth stages is constructed by using single variables such as original spectrum,first-order differential spectrum,combined spectrum index and vegetation index(VI)and their coupled combination variables.The accuracy of the models is compared and analyzed,and the best modeling method of biomass in different growth stages is selected.Based on the optimized modeling method,the biomass of each growth stage is estimated,and the yield estimation model of different growth stages is constructed based on the estimation results and the linear regression analysis method,and the accuracy of the model is verified.The results showed that in tuber formation stage,starch accumulation stage and maturity stage,the biomass estimation accuracy based on combination variable was the highest,the best modeling method was MLR and SVM,in tuber growth stage,the best modeling method was MLR,the effect of yield estimation is good.It provides a reference for the algorithm selection of crop biomass and yield models based on machine learning.

Dual ultrasound-guided totally implantable venous access ports via the right internal jugular vein in pediatric patients with cancer:a preliminary experience in a single institution

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of dual ultrasound-guided(DUG)totally implantable venous access port(TIVAP)implantation(namely,using ultrasoundguided percutaneous puncture with transesophageal echocardiography-guided catheterization)via the right internal jugular vein(IJV)in pediatric patients with cancer.Methods Fifty-five children with cancer requiring chemotherapy underwent DUG-TIVAP implantation via the right IJV.Clinical data were recorded,including the procedure success rate,first attempt success rate,and perioperative and postoperative complications.Results All 55 cases were successfully operated on.The first puncture success rate was 100%.The operation time was 22–41min,with a mean time of 30.8±5.5min.The mean TIVAP implantation time was 253±145 days(range 42–520 days).There were no perioperative complications.The postoperative complication rate was 5.4%(3/55),including skin infections around the port in one case,catheter-related infection in one case,and fibrin sheath formation in one case.The ports were all preserved after anti-infection or thrombolytic therapy.No unplanned port withdrawal was recorded in this study.Conclusions DUG-TIVAP implantation is a technique with a high success rate and a low complication rate;therefore,it provides an alternative for children with cancer.Further randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of DUG-TIVAP via the right IJV in children.

Characterizing structural variants based on graph-genotyping provides insights into pig domestication and local adaption

Structural variants(SVs),such as deletions(DELs)and insertions(INSs),contribute substantially to pig genetic diversity and phenotypic variation.Using a library of SVs discovered from long-read primary assemblies and short-read sequenced genomes,we map pig genomic SVs with a graph-based method for re-genotyping SVs in 402 genomes.Our results demonstrate that those SVs harboring specific trait-associated genes may greatly shape pig domestication and local adaptation.Further characterization of SVs reveals that some population-stratified SVs may alter the transcription of genes by affecting regulatory elements.We identify that the genotypes of two DELs(296-bp DEL,chr7:52,172,101e52,172,397;278-bp DEL,chr18:23,840,143 e23,840,421)located in muscle-specific enhancers are associated with the expression of target genes related to meat quality(FSD2)and muscle fiber hypertrophy(LMOD2 and WASL)in pigs.Our results highlight the role of SVs in domestic porcine evolution,and the identified candidate functional genes and SVs are valuable resources for future genomic research and breeding programs in pigs.

The effects of prey lipid on female mating and reproduction of a wolf spider

As predators,the macronutrients spiders extract from their prey play important roles in their mating and reproduction.Previous studies of macronutrients on spider mating and reproduction focus on protein,the potential impact of prey lipid content on spider mating and reproduction remains largely unexplored.Here,we tested the influence of prey varying in lipid content on female mating,sexual cannibalism,reproduction,and offspring fitness in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata.We acquired 2 groups of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that differed significantly in lipid but not protein content by supplementing cultural media with a high or low dose of sucrose on which the fruit flies were reared(HL:high lipid and LL:low lipid).Subadult(i.e.,1 molt before adult)female spiders that fed HL flies matured with significantly higher lipid content than those fed LL flies.We found that the mated females fed with HL flies significantly shortened pre-oviposition time and resulted in a significantly higher fecundity.However,there was no significant difference in female spiders varying in lipid content on other behaviors and traits,including the latency to courtship,courtship duration,mating,copulation duration,sexual cannibalism,offspring body size,and survival.Hence,our results suggest that the lipid content of prey may be a limiting factor for female reproduction,but not for other behavioral traits in the wolf spiders P.pseudoannulata.

Feeding mediated web-building plasticity in a cobweb spider

Behavioral plasticity has been proposed as a means by which animals alter their phenotypes in response to changing conditions.Animals may display behavioral plasticity as a consequence of environmental variation.The detritus-based,bell-shaped cobweb spider Campanicola campanulata is an ideal model to study behavioral plasticity,because its web architecture is easy to be quantified,and the functions of different parts of the web are clear.Though the plasticity of cobweb architecture has been reported in a few species,retreats as impor-tant defensive structures have rarely been considered before because retreats in most cobwebs are relatively small compared with the web size.We studied the web-building behaviors of C.campanulata under different feeding regimes.We set up 3 spider treatments with different feeding conditions:marginally well fed,moderately well fed,and extremely well fed,and observed the differences in the web architecture among them.In addition,we measured the mechanical properties of anchor silk,and also calculated the foraging and defense investment of the spiders.The results showed that marginally well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly longer length of anchor silk,lower retreat to the ground,more number and longer gumfooted lines,and larger capture area,while extremely well-fed spiders build cobwebs with significantly bigger retreat volume and higher height of retreat to the ground.In addition,marginally well-fed spiders invest significantly less during cobweb construction.However,there was no significant difference between the breaking force and elongation at break in anchor silk among different treatments.These results demonstrated that marginally well-fed spiders invest more in foraging,and extremely well-fed spiders invest more in defense,and the spider made a balance between foraging and predator avoidance in response to changes in physiological state.Our study strengthens the current understanding of web construction in cobweb spiders,especially those facing high costs during retreat construction.

Transcriptomic basis of neutrophil ratio variation induced by poly I:C stimulation in porcine peripheral blood

Neutrophils are vital components of defense mechanisms against invading pathogens and are closely linked with the individual antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals. Neutrophilia is a well-known clinical characteristic of viral and bacterial infections. Using Affymetrix porcine genome microarrays, we investigated the gene expression profiles associated with neutrophil variation in porcine peripheral blood before and after polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis showed 796 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in extreme response(ER) pigs and 192 DEGs in moderate response(MR) pigs. Most DEGs were related to immune responses, included MXD1, CXCR4,CREG1, My D88, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, IRF3 and IRF7.Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DEGs of both ER and MR pigs were involved in common biological processes, such as cell proliferation, growth regulation,immune response, inflammatory response and cell activation. The ER and MR groups also showed differences in DEGs involved in biological processes. DEGs involved in cell division and cell cycle were specifically found in the ER pigs, whereas DEGs involved in cell migration were specifically found in the MR pigs. The study provides a basic understanding of the molecular basis for the antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals.